Literature on methods for analysing interindustry interdependence and geographical concentration of firms began to multiply since the 1990s. The aim of this paper was to systematize the literature on methods and measures applied to the analysis of industrial clusters, as well as to identify trends in this knowledge field. The method used was bibliometrics, which consisted of a frequency evaluation of the publications and the relationship network between them. It was verified an exponential increase in the number of papers that composed this area, based mainly on the theories of New Economic Geography. Recently, the literature has focused on the geographic location in relation to interindustry linkages, and the frontier of knowledge has shifted from traditional methods of regional science to areas such as spatial statistics, econophysics and artificial intelligence. There are still relevant questions being explored, as Modifiable Area Unit Problem (aggregation bias), nevertheless, spatial anisotropy (directional bias) is still neglected and indicates a new research path.

Symbiosis of common bean with nitrogen-fixing bacteria can lead to a reduction in production costs and in environmental impacts. Considering the diversity of soils and climates, it is important to validate bacterial strains under different conditions to consolidate their recommendation as inoculants. Studies concerning the economic viability of Rhizobium inoculation in common bean are few, but they could assist in choosing the strain to be adopted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Rhizobium strains isolated from acid soils from the Amazon inoculated in seeds of the 'BRSMG Madrepérola' cultivar and to evaluate the economic viability of their use in the field. Four field experiments were conducted in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A randomized block experimental design was used with four replications and seven treatments: inoculation with the strains CIAT 899 (Rhizobium tropici), UFLA 02-100 (R. etli), UFLA 02-68 (R. etli bv. mimosae), UFLA 02-127 (R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli), and UFLA 04-173 (R. miluonense), plus two controls, one without inoculation + mineral nitrogen (N-urea) at a rate of 80 kg N ha -1 and another without inoculation and without mineral N. The strain CIAT 899 is already recommended for the manufacture of commercial inoculants, and the others, collected in the Amazon region, have proven to be highly effective in biological nitrogen fixation. Symbiosis of common bean with all the strains evaluated leads to satisfactory yields, with reduction in the application rate of mineral nitrogen and in environmental impacts and, consequently, reduction in economic costs, with higher profitability.

Dental calculus (DC) is the most widespread oral problem in domestic dogs. Chewing items are used to remove DC from the tooth surface; they also favor oral health and animal welfare. Raw beef bone mastication also shortly reduces DC in adult dogs. However, it can cause oral lesions and hence is not popular. This study evaluated the impact of bone mastication on the dental roots, enamel, and gingiva of dogs. Twelve adult Beagle dogs were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups in a completely randomized block design: cortical bone (CB) or spongy bone (SB). Intraoral radiographs were obtained on days 0 and 14, and calculus assessment was performed using images captured on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 14; an integration program was used to measure the proportion between the area covered by calculus and the total area of teeth. DC was completely removed from the first and second premolars and molars from both the arcades in less than 3 days of supplementation, indicating that these teeth were frequently used for chewing (P < 0.10). Bones were highly effective for DC removal and gingival inflammation reduction. Despite the hardness of bones, no lesions or teeth root and enamel fracture, or esophageal or intestinal obstructions-complications related to bone ingestion-were noted. However, SB showed some gingival lesions (n = 4) and bone remnants between teeth (n = 2). Gingival lesions were caused by the daily and continuous supply of new pieces of bone for 13 days. Specific pieces of bone should be used for oral home care programs because they shortly remove almost 90% of DC, allowing longer intervals between periodontal cleaning procedures. Long-term studies are required to evaluate the use of bones and evaluate their impact on teeth and periodontium after prolonged supplementation.

Palavras-chave: Avaliação de desempenho; Governança corporativa; Econometria.Abstract: The concentration of ownership has long been discussed in order to assess its impact on business performance. This article aims to verify whether the ownership structure, more specifically the concentration of property, has an impact on the performance of companies of the electricity sector. Although numerous works on the theme have already been produced, this article introduces a new methodological approach by means of a new combination of variables, rekindling the discussion on the concentration of property in Brazil and the identity of these shareholders -in a peculiar scenery of scandals of mismanagement, controlled results, and business corruption in Brazil -from the perspective of the relationship between private and public capital with analysis performed in the electricity sector. The study was conducted through analysis of panel data. The sample analyzed considered 22 Brazilian public companies of the electricity sector between 2010 and 2014. The results show a better performance of the private enterprises in comparison with the public ones; better performance of companies with ordinary shares in the hands of only one majority shareholder; and a positive relationship with net profit. In contrast, the variables concerning common shares in the hands of the two largest shareholders and total assets showed a negative relationship with performance.

A previsão de arrecadação tributária é considerada uma ferramenta útil aos gestores públicos, além de ser uma obrigatoriedade pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo estimar um modelo preditivo da arrecadação de ICMS pelo governo de Minas Gerais para o período de janeiro de 1998 a agosto de 2011. O método utilizado foi a análise de séries temporais por meio dos modelos da família Box-Jenkins. Como resultado foi verificado que o método SARIMAX, ao considerar eventos diferentes do padrão histórico da série, apresentou melhor desempenho em relação às medidas de erro quando comparado aos métodos ARIMA, ARFIMA e SARIMA. Foi concluído que a modelagem de valores atípicos contribuiu para uma melhor previsão das receitas de ICMS em Minas Gerais, ou seja, deve ser levada em consideração pelos gestores públicos.