A quick, simple, and engaging demonstration of the spectrophotometric complementary color wheel is presented. Colored indicator dye solutions are illuminated under ambient room light and with different colors of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in a dark room. The solutions are observed to be colored, black and opaque, or transparent and colorless in accordance with the color wheel, their optical absorption spectra, and the illumination conditions.

Detailed step-by-step methods for protein separation techniques based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) are described in this chapter. Focus is placed on two techniques, capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) and capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF). CGE is essentially gel electrophoresis, performed in a capillary, where a hydrogel is used as a sieving matrix to separate proteins or peptides based on size. cIEF separates proteins or peptides based on their isoelectric point (pI), the pH at which the protein or peptide bears no charges. Detailed protocols and steps (including capillary preparation, sample preparation, CE separation conditions, and detection) for both CGE and cIEF presented so that readers can follow the described methods in their own labs.

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