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Is 3D audio an interesting technology for displaying navigational information in an indoor environment? This study found no significant differences between map- and 3D audio navigation. The user tasks tested involved finding objects in a real office environment. In order to conduct the study, a custom-made 3D audio system was built based on a public-domain HRTF-library to playback 3D sound beacons through a pair of earphones. Our results indicate that 3D audio is indeed a qualified candidate for navigation systems, and may be especially suitable for environments or individuals where vision is obstructed, insufficient, or unavailable. The study also suggests that special cues should be added to the pure spatial information to emphasize important information.

This article addresses Sweden’s more ambitious and forward-looking approach to EU security and defence cooperation. This approach represents, in part, an adaptation by Sweden to the post-Brexit political landscape. However, Stockholm is also reacting to the more ambitious policy initiatives coming out of Brussels. This article will look at some of the major developments and initiatives on the EU level and discuss how Sweden has reacted and tried to influence them. It argues that 2021 could be another watershed year for EU security and defence cooperation as the process of developing the Union’s new Strategic Compass is in a formative phase. It concludes that it is welcome news that Stockholm is raising its level of ambition and actively attempting to influence this process.

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