No abstract

This research was carried out to determine the pollination abilities of Domat, Gemlik and Sarı Ulak olive cultivars. Pollen viability rate, germination rate and amount of pollen production were examined during the periods when 25%, 50% and 75% of the flowers were opened.  According to the results obtained from three years’ experimental study, the highest percentages of pollen viability were found in Gemlik (81.51%) and Domat (81.50%), whereas Sarı Ulak cultivar (77.41%) showed the lowest viability. In pollen germination percentages, the highest values on the basis of cultivars were determined 59.85% (Domat), 59.74% (Gemlik) and 52.12% (Sarı Ulak). The highest amount of pollen production in a flower was found in the Sarı Ulak cultivar (329,046) while it was followed by Domat (319,693) and Gemlik (306,385). Despite the high pollen production in Sarı Ulak cultivar, the pollen viability and germination rates were found to be low. In Gemlik and Domat cultivars, all values were obtained relatively near. In addition, it had been noted that the values related to pollen viability, germination and production amount were higher during 50% and 75% flowering periods than 25%.

Öz: Zeytin yetiştiriciliğinde, meyve iriliği özellikle sofralık açıdan değerlendirme yapıldığında önem taşımaktadır. Bununla birlikte üreticiler hem verimin hem de kalitenin yüksek olmasını istemektedir. Bu durumda bahçe içerisinde verim artışı için mevcut çeşitlerin hem kendine hem de karşılıklı uyuşur olmaları avantaj sağlayacaktır. Çalışma Domat, Gemlik ve Sarı Ulak zeytin çeşitleri kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Her çeşit için serbest, kendine ve yabancı tozlama uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Bu çeşitlerin karşılıklı birbirini tozlama durumlarının yüksek olduğu varsayılmış ve pomolojik özellikleri bu çalışma ile ortaya konulmak istenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre; serbest tozlanmanın meyve özelliklerini arttırdığı ve farklı tozlayıcı kullanımının kaliteyi etkilediği tespit edilmiştir.

In this study, the effect of storage at different times and temperatures on in vitro olive pollen germination was investigated. Pollens of Gemlik and Domat cultivars and GE119 and GK138 genotypes were stored at +4 °C, -20 °C, and -80 °C for 7, 35, 200, and 365 days, respectively. In vitro germination status of pollen was determined by the petri agar method, by choosing the most suitable nutrient medium for each olive. The most suitable germination media for Gemlik, Domat, GE119, and GK138 pollens were 50 ml water + 15% sucrose + 0.7% agar + 75 ppm boric acid, 50 ml water + 15% sucrose + 0.7% agar, 50 ml water + 25% sucrose + 0.5% agar, 50 ml water respectively. The interaction effect between storage time, temperatures, and cultivar on pollen germination and diameter was determined. At the end of the storage period, the highest pollen germination and diameter were observed in the Gemlik cultivar. Additionally, -80 °C temperature for Gemlik and Domat cultivars and -20 °C temperature for GE119 and GK138 genotypes were suitable for 35 days of storage. All olive pollens in the current study had germination rates below 9% in the following storage periods. The results show that storing olive pollens at sub-zero temperatures will reduce the need for daily fresh pollen collection required for important scientific studies such as breeding and artificial pollination.