IA/IgG therapy induces long-term reduction of negative inotropic antibodies. After 12 months, however, re-increase of negative inotropic antibodies cannot be excluded.

In 2013, inclusive education was legally fi xed in schools in Lower Saxony. Th e presented results are part of the scientifi c monitoring of inclusive education in primary schools in Lower Saxony, which was conducted between October 2014 and December 2017. Th e study aims at analyzing the current status of implementation and at identifying related conditions of success as well as challenges. It is based on a mixed-methods design and divided into three sub-studies. In this paper, selected quantitative and qualitative fi ndings are presented.

Dopamine (DA) is critically involved in different functions of the central nervous system (CNS) including control of voluntary movement, affect, reward, sleep, and cognition. One of the key components of DA neurotransmission is DA reuptake by the DA transporter (DAT), ensuring rapid clearance of DA from the synaptic cleft. Thus, lack of DAT leads to persistent high extracellular DA levels. While there is strong evidence for a role of striatal dopaminergic activity in learning and memory processes, little is known about the contribution of DAT deficiency to conditional learning impairments and underlying molecular processes. DAT-knockout (DAT-KO) rats were tested in a set of behavioral experiments evaluating conditional associative learning, which requires unaltered striatal function. In parallel, a large-scale proteomic analysis of the striatum was performed to identify molecular factors probably underlying behavioral patterns. DAT-KO rats were incapable to acquire a new operant skill in Pavlovian/instrumental autoshaping, although the conditional stimulus–unconditional stimulus (CS-US) association seems to be unaffected. These findings suggest that DAT directly or indirectly contributes to the reduction of transference of incentive salience from the reward to the CS. We propose that specific impairment of conditional learning might be caused by molecular adaptations to the hyperdopaminergic state, presumably by dopamine receptor 1 (DRD1) hypofunction, as proposed by proteomic analysis. Whether DRD1 downregulation can cause cognitive deficits in the hyperdopaminergic state is the subject of discussion, and further studies are needed to answer this question. This study may be useful for the interpretation of previous and the design of future studies in the dopamine field.

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ObjectivesTo explore men´s onset and burden of lower limb lymphedema (LLL) after radical prostatectomy (RP) with pelvic lymph node dissection. Patients and methodsA cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted nation-wide and web-based in Germany. Part 1 included 15 multidisciplinary compiled questions with three questions from Short Form 12 Health Survey (SF-12) and WHO activity recommendation, part 2 the validated German Lymph-ICF-Questionnaire (Lymph-ICF-LL). Subgroup comparisons and simple regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with therapy and burden of LLL, followed by multiple regression analyses to explain variance in impairment in the patients' daily life. Results 54 patients completed the survey. Median time of LLL-onset was reported with 2.0 (0.5-9.75) months after RP. 19 patients (35.2%) reported bilateral lymphedema, 28 (51.9%) the use of individually tted compression stockings (CS), 25 (46.3%) of manual lymphatic drainage (LD) and 26 (48.1%) complete regression.The Lymph-ICF-LL revealed a higher total burden for patients with an active LLL compared to complete regression (total score: 25.5 vs. 11.9, p=0.01) specially for "physical function" (28.3 vs. 12.9, p=0.004) and "mental function" (26.2 vs. 6.7, p<0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, a higher BMI (β=0.28), lower subjective general health (β=-0.48) and active lymphedema (β =0.28) were signi cant predictors of higher reported impairments in the Lymph-ICF-LL, accounting for 45.4% of variance. ConclusionMen with LLL after RP with PLND report a signi cant burden in daily life. Bbasic therapy needs to be offered early. Postoperative onset of LLL is variable, which should be considered when assessing complications after RP.