No abstract

No abstract

RESUMO:As espécies pertencentes à família Palmae são muito interessantes do ponto de vista químico e farmacológico. Neste trabalho, foram estudados os frutos de duas espécies da família Palmae, Syagrus oleracea e Mauritia vinifera. Essas palmeiras foram escolhidas por serem espécies brasileiras, abundantes em nosso país, utilizadas popularmente no tratamento de algumas doenças e ainda pouco estudadas. Foram realizados ensaios farmacológicos para avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos dos frutos das duas espécies em estudo. ABSTRACT: "Antimicrobial activity of Syagrus oleracea and Mauritia vinifera fruits". Palmae species are very interesting by the chemical and pharmacological points of view. Two species belonging to this family were chosen to initiate the chemical and pharmacological approach of their fruits: Syagrus oleracea (Martius) Beccari and Mauritia vinifera Martius, known in Brazil as Guariroba and Buriti, respectively. Those palm species can be found in several regions of Brazil, especially at the northeast and southeast of the country. They have been used in folk medicine to treat some diseases, however no toxicological and pharmacological studies have been done so far. For the two studied fruits, the antimicrobial activity tests were carried out by broth microdilution methodology. The objective of this work was to contribute for the pharmacological study of palm species, evaluating the antimicrobial activity of the extracts obtained from the fruits of S. oleracea and M. vinifera. The assays evaluated ethanol extracts of the epicarp/mesocarp of S. oleracea and epicarp/mesocarp of M. vinifera; hexane extract of the endosperm of S. oleracea; hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of the epicarp/mesocarp of S. oleracea, epicarp/mesocarp of M. vinifera and mesocarp/endocarp of M. vinifera. The lipophilic extracts of S. oleracea obtained the best results for the species. For M. vinifera, the lipophilic partitions have shown a high inhibitory percentage for S. aureus. Keywords:Syagrus oleracea, Mauritia vinifera, Palmae, antimicrobial activity. INTRODUÇÃOAs espécies pertencentes à família Palmae, comumente chamadas de palmeiras, são muito interessantes do ponto de vista químico e farmacológico. As palmeiras estão amplamente distribuídas nas zonas temperadas de todo o mundo, principalmente em regiões onde o índice pluviométrico é alto (Cruz, 1965;Zofemler, 1994). Do ponto de vista químico, as plantas dessa família são geralmente não cianogênicas. Os alcalóides (ocasionalmente pirimidínicos) e proantocianidinas podem estar presentes ou não. Os fl avonóides são raros, mas quando presentes são derivados do kaempferol, quercetina, tricina e luteolina. Saponinas e sapogeninas estão ocasionalmente presentes. Éteres metílicos de triterpenos já foram isolados dos frutos de algumas

Seafloor methane release can significantly affect the global carbon cycle and climate. Appreciable quantities of methane are stored in continental margin sediments as shallow gas and hydrate deposits, and changes in pressure, temperature and/or bottom-currents can liberate significant amounts of this greenhouse gas. Understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of marine methane deposits and their relationships to environmental change are critical for assessing past and future carbon cycle and climate change. Here we present foraminiferal stable carbon isotope and sediment mineralogy records suggesting for the first time that seafloor methane release occurred along the southern Brazilian margin during the last glacial period (40–20 cal ka BP). Our results show that shallow gas deposits on the southern Brazilian margin responded to glacial−interglacial paleoceanographic changes releasing methane due to the synergy of sea level lowstand, warmer bottom waters and vigorous bottom currents during the last glacial period. High sea level during the Holocene resulted in an upslope shift of the Brazil Current, cooling the bottom waters and reducing bottom current strength, reducing methane emissions from the southern Brazilian margin.