Eight years of TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter‐derived sea height anomaly and climatological hydrographic data are used to investigate the temporal and spatial variability of the North Brazil Current (NBC) retroflection and the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC). The NBC retroflection exhibits a mean position of 6.6°N ± 2.0°, with a strong annual signal and year‐to‐year variability. The annual cycle of its location follows the meridional migration of the ITCZ and the strength of the wind stress curl over the equatorial Atlantic. A marked shift in the annual mean location of the NBC retroflection is observed in 1998–1999 that appears to be linked to an increase in wind stress curl during this period. The mean latitude of the NECC is estimated to be 6.0°N ± 1.3°, with a semiannual cycle showing maximum northerly locations in February and August. The baroclinic transport of the NECC varies predominantly on an annual cycle with maximum transport of 12 Sv occurring in November.
There is controversy in the literature regarding the motor function behavior of the lower esophageal sphincter and esophagus following partial gastrectomy. We studied 26 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma of the distal corpus and/or antrum who underwent radical subtotal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. There were 15 women (57.69%) and 11 men (42.31%) with a mean age of 57.2 years; 21 were White (80.8%) and five were of African descent (19.2%). Before the surgery and 3 months afterwards, every patient underwent manometric and endoscopic examinations. The lower esophageal sphincter showed reductions in mean respiratory pressure (19.41-15.59 mmHg, P= 0.02) and maximum expiratory pressure (8.13-5.54 mmHg, P= 0.02) without significant alteration in diaphragmatic crura pressure (32.92-30.64 mmHg, P= 0.37). An increase in peristaltic wave amplitude (91.43-124.86 mmHg, P < 0.01) and peristaltic wave conduction velocity (3.29 cm/s to 4.23 cm/s; P= 0.024) were detected in esophageal function. The presence of erosive esophagitis decreased from 10 (38.46%) patients to none (P= 0.002). We concluded that following surgery the lower esophageal sphincter function was impaired, through decreased pressure in the esophageal component without alteration in diaphragmatic crura pressure. On the other hand, there was significant increase in peristaltic wave amplitude and velocity, and improvement of the erosive esophagitis. The authors suggest that subtotal gastrectomy, with gastroesophageal junction preservation, and Roux-en-Y reconstruction should be the preferred operation for distal gastric cancer to minimize esophageal dysfunction and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
202 INTRODUÇÃOO câncer do esôfago é a sexta neoplasia mais comum 1 e o carcinoma espinocelular apresenta uma prevalência mundial de 3 a 19:100.000 habitantes 2 . Seu tratamento constitui-se em um grande desafio 3 . O diagnóstico da doença é freqüentemente tardio com predomínio de pacientes nos estádios III e IV, quando a cura é impossível 4 . Estima-se que, em nosso país, aproximadamente 8.941 novos casos de câncer de esôfago foram diagnosticados no ano 2000 segundo o INCA/Ministé-rio da Saúde 5 .As populações de nível socioeconômico baixo 6 possuem maior propensão para desenvolver câncer de esôfa-go, e a alimentação pode exercer uma participação muito importante na gênese desses tumores, cujo risco relativo de incidência é 17 vezes maior entre os consumidores de bebidas alcoólicas.O diagnóstico do câncer de esôfago geralmente é tardio, porque a disfagia só ocorre quando mais de 60% da circunferência do órgão está infiltrada pelo tumor, e sua luz é reduzida para menos de 12mm de diâmetro 7 . Em metanálise de 83.783 pacientes com carcinoma epidermóide de esôfago, num total de 122 publicações, registrou-se que de cada 100 pacientes, 58% foram candidatos à cirurgia e só 39% foram submetidos à ressecção do esôfago, com 18% vivos após um ano e 4% após cinco anos 8 . A complicação mais freqüente foi a fístula traqueoesofágica (4,94% a 15%) 9 .As cirurgias paliativas consistem em desviar o trân-sito alimentar do esôfago, melhorando a qualidade de vida do paciente, além do que, o fato de poder alimentar-se por via oral já determina uma melhora psicológica, vista a intolerância dos estomas 10 .O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os resultados do tubo gástrico isoperistáltico no tratamento cirúrgico palia-
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