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Patients with chylous chest tube outputs of 1,100 mL or more in 24 hours postoperatively should be considered for intervention. Intention-to-treat analysis shows surgical duct ligation is more effective than thoracic duct embolization, with the ability to cannulate the cisterna chyli being the limiting factor. Lymphangiography may help determine which patients are better treated with ligation or embolization.

The Guadalquivir Basin is the Neogene foreland basin of the central and western Betic thrust belt in southern Spain. At the boundary between the basin and the outcrops of thrust nappes of Mesozoic limestones of the Prebetic and Subbetic is a broad belt of outcrops of Triassic evaporitic sediments with scattered younger rocks: the so-called 'Olistostrome' unit. This is highly deformed, in places chaotic, and its mode of emplacement has been attributed by various authors to olistostromal debris flow, diapirism, or tectonic melange. Studies of outcrop data in conjunction with seismic and well data, integrated using restorable cross-sections lead us to propose the following sequence of emplacement mechanisms. (a) Loading above a Triassic evaporite formation, probably in the Intermediate Units depositional zone, by north vergent thrusting of thick nappes of Mesozoic sediments, causes northward expulsion of evaporitic sediments between a basal thrust and the base of the limestones. (b) Continued thrust loading drives the diapiric body forwards ahead of the thrust belt, into the floor of the deepening Miocene foreland basin. The body includes blocks of Triassic rocks in normal stratigraphic sequence, as well as blocks of younger rocks broken off the leading hanging-wall cutoffs of the nappes. (c) When the diapiric body reaches the sea-floor of the basin, its top becomes subject to modification by sedimentary processes such as dissolution of evaporites leaving a cap rock and debris flow, both submarine and subaerial but rarely, if ever, forming true olistostromes. (d) At the leading edge of the diapir, northward compression of Miocene basin sediments results in thin-skinned thrusting within these sediments, and formation of duplex structures with a north-dipping monoclinal deformation front. Results from analogue and numerical modelling match the main geological features observed in the study area, thus supporting the plausibilty of the proposed lateral diapiric emplacement of the chaotic unit.

This paper presents a compilation and reinterpretation of available geophysical and geological data recently acquired for the ENE-WSW Guadalquivir foreland basin, located on the northern margin of the Betic orogen in southern Iberia. The data include seismic reflection and refraction profiles, well logs, gravity, geoid, surface heat-flow data and field observations. The deep structure of the southern Iberian margin is characterized by large variations in crustal thickness and high heat-flow values, which result in a very low lithospheric rigidity for the whole area. Geoid and gravity data show that deformation affected the crust and the lithospheric mantle differently, producing anomalous mass distributions that could act as subsurface loads. Seismic sequence analysis of the basin infill has permitted the re-assessment of the depositional sequential arrangement of the sediments deposited from Late Langhian-Early Serravallian to Messinian. They are arranged in six sequences and do not show any E-W progradational pattern indicating that during this period the acting loads moved essentially in a NNW direction. A careful analysis of the southern border of the basin shows that the ‘so-called olistostromes’ correspond to lateral diapirs of squeezed Triassic evaporites and internally imbricated Miocene wedges. We discuss the results obtained in terms of palaeo-geographic environments, time distribution and nature of acting loads, and constraints for future basin modelling approaches.

In hormone receptor-negative breast cancer, chemotherapy was mostly administered adjuvantly, but neoadjuvant use increased over time and was more likely in younger patients and higher T- and N-stage disease. Node-positive patients treated with NAC were less likely to have pathologically positive nodes and more likely to have less extensive axillary surgery.