The importance of consuming functional foods has led the food industry to look for alternative sources of ingredients of natural origin. Eggplants are a type of vegetable that is valued for its content in phytochemical compounds and it is due to the fact that this research is conducted towards the development of eggplant flour as a proposal to be used as a functional ingredient in the food industry. In this study, the eggplant fruits were divided into four groups, based on the drying method and the equipment used: Minced, drying oven (T1); sliced, drying oven (T2); sliced and frozen, drying tunnel (T3); and sliced, drying tunnel (T4). All the eggplant flours showed the same trend regarding their antioxidant capacity and phenolic content in the order T2 > T4 > T1 > T3. The freezing of eggplant was found to have a negative effect on functional and antioxidant properties. With respect to their nutritional composition, the flours did not change in their crude fiber, protein, and fat contents. In general terms, the T2 flour is a potential ingredient for the preparation of foods with functional properties since it is rich in phenolic compounds and antioxidants.
Effects of agave fructans as carrier agents on the encapsulation of blue corn anthocyanins using spray-drying were evaluated. Blue corn extract was mixed with 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% (w/v) of agave fructans in duplicate and dried at 150 °C. The extract showed good contents of anthocyanins, polyphenols, and antioxidant activity. The increase of agave fructans in the encapsulated powders caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the humidity, water activity (aw), pH, bulk density, water solubility index (WSI), and color L* values. On the contrary, the agave fructan addition decreased the hygroscopicity, water absorption index (WAI), antioxidant activity, total anthocyanin, total polyphenol, and individual anthocyanin contents. The encapsulation of blue corn extract with 6% agave fructans (w/v) resulted in good physical, thermal, morphological, and high antioxidant properties. The results suggest that the use of agave fructans as wall material represents advantages in the conservation of anthocyanins and other bioactive compounds from blue corn extract during their encapsulation. The application of blue corn anthocyanin encapsulated powders as a food ingredient is promising for food pigmentation, representing additional advantages for their contribution as a soluble fiber that can benefit the health of consumers.
2020)Effects of carrot puree with enhanced levels of chlorogenic acid on rat cognitive abilities and neural development, ABSTRACT In this study, the effect of carrot puree with enhanced levels of chlorogenic acid, obtained from carrots treated with wounding stress, on Lactobacillus concentration in microbiota, cognitive and brain development in two generations of rats was evaluated. Wistar rats were randomly assigned three different diets: control, 90% (w/w) control + 10% carrot puree (CP), and 90% control + 10% wounding stress carrot puree (WSCP). Wounding stress enhanced chlorogenic acid concentration~4 times when compared to untreated CP (522 mg/kg). Rats treated with WSCP and CP diets increased the counts of Lactobacillus in the gut microbiota as compared with the control group (p ˂ 0.019) of the second generation. Myelin content of WSPC was significantly higher than control and CP groups in the first generation. In the second generation, myelin raised to 204 mg/g in WSCP group and this group had the highest RNA content. Overall, results indicate that WSCP improves brain development by increasing myelin concentration and RNA.Efectos del puré de zanahoria con niveles elevados de ácido clorogénico sobre las capacidades cognitivas y desarrollo neuronal de ratas RESUMEN En este estudio, se evaluó el efecto del puré de zanahoria con niveles elevados de ácido clorogénico, obtenido de zanahorias tratadas con estrés de corte, sobre la concentración de Lactobacillus en la microbiota y el desarrollo cognitivo y cerebral de dos generaciones de ratas. Las ratas Wistar se dividieron de forma aleatoria en tres dietas diferente: control, 90%(w/w) control + 10% puré de zanahoria(CP), y 90% control + 10% puré de zanahoria obtenida de zanahorias tratadas con estrés de corte(WSCP). El estrés de corte incrementó~4 veces el contenido de ácido clorogénico comparado con CP(522 mg/kg). Las ratas tratadas con las dietas WSCP y CP incrementaron el conteo de Lactobacillus en la microbiota intestinal de la segundas generación comparado con el grupo control (p ˂ 0.019). El contenido de mielina del grupo WSPC fue significativamente mayor que en los grupos control y CP en la primera generación. En la segunda generación, el contenido de mielina se incrementó a 204 mg/g en el grupo WSCP, el cual mostró mayor contenido de ARN. En general, los resultados indican que la dieta adicionada con WSCP mejora el desarrollo cerebral mediante el incremento de mielita y ARN. ARTICLE HISTORY
ResumenEl acocil australiano de uñas rojas (Cherax quadricarinatus) fue traído a México desde 1995 con fines experimentales y posteriormente, fue promovido su cultivo en varias regiones del país. La introducción antropogénica y los intentos de cultivo de esta especie sin éxito comercial han provocado el establecimiento de poblaciones silvestres en 5 estados de México. El monitoreo y la recolección en campo de crustáceos decápodos entre 2013 y 2017, resultó en registrar por primera vez a Cherax quadricarinatus en un reservorio acuático natural de Nuevo León y aportar registros adicionales para el sur de Tamaulipas. Las tallas máximas de LC observadas en el acocil australiano fueron 7.04 y 7.10 cm, para Nuevo León y Tamaulipas, respectivamente. En todos los sitios se obtuvo una mayor proporción de hembras que de machos. AbstractThe Australian red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) was brought to Mexico in 1995 for experimental studies and subsequently its culture was promoted in different regions of the country. The limited success of commercial cultures of the species and probably other anthropogenic factors have permitted the establishment of wild populations in 5 states of Mexico. Monitoring and field collection in aquatic habitats conducted from 2013 to 2017, resulted in the first record of Cherax quadricarinatus in a natural aquatic environment of Nuevo Leon and in additional records for southern Tamaulipas. The maximum sizes observed were 7.04 and 7.10 cm of CL, for Nuevo León and Tamaulipas, respectively. In all monitored sites, females appeared in greater proportion.
Se estudió el crecimiento individual, el factor de condición y la condición relativa de Tozeuma carolinense durante las temporadas de lluvias y estiaje en 3 sitios cubiertos por pastos marinos en el área meridional de la laguna Madre de Tamaulipas, México. El material biológico se obtuvo tamizando una muestra superficial equivalente a 1.5 m2. A cada individuo se le midió la longitud total y se registró su peso. Los parámetros analizados para comparar la condición de la población fueron examinados por temporada, para datos agrupados y por sexo, a través de la relación peso-longitud(W = a*Lb), definido mediante el valor de la pendiente (b) y significado por una prueba de t-student (p < 0.05). Un total de 412 individuos fueron identificados y distribuidos en 4 grupos: datos agrupados (DA), machos (M), hembras no ovígeras (HNO) y hembras ovígeras (HOV), de los cuales 307 fueron recolectados en la temporada de lluvias y 105 en la del estiaje. Los especímenes de T. carolinense mostraron que la mayoría de los grupos, en ambas temporadas, se ajustaron a un crecimiento de tipo alométrico, exceptuando los DA en estiaje y las HNO en lluvias que presentaronisometría.
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