Presencia de productos farmacéuticos y de cuidado personal en aguas residuales domésticas y su eliminación en sistemas de tratamiento anaerobios: tanque séptico -filtro anaerobio de flujo ascendente ABSTRACTIn several countries around the world, Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) exist in aquatic environments, a fact that increases the awareness within the scientific community with respect to their possible fate and environment effects. This research presents a preliminary monitoring of use, consumption and presence of PPCPs in wastewater from a treatment plant in a rural area of Pereira (Colombia). Domestic sewage is treated in a septic tank followed by an Up-Flow Anaerobic Filter and its effluent is discharged into the Otún River, upstream of the water intake of the supply system of the city. The compounds monitored in this research included ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, aspirin, ketoprofen, caffeine, galaxolide, tonalide and dihydrojasmonate. An adapted method of multi-residue analysis was used, which is based on solid phase extraction with hydrophilic-lipophilic balance cartridges, and determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The removal efficiencies demonstrated that the treatment plant could eliminate less than 50 % of dihydrojasmonate, diclofenac and galaxolide existing in wastewater; concentration of aspirin, naproxen and tonalide could only be reduced in 15 %; and caffeine, ibuprofen and ketoprofen were not removed. Results provided basic information to decide over the necessity of complementary treatments for effluents from systems with the mentioned units. Keywords:Medicines, personal care, emerging pollutants, socio-demographic characteristics, domestic wastewater. RESUMENEn muchos países del mundo, los productos farmacéuticos y de cuidado personal (PPCPs) están presentes en el medio acuático, aumentando las preocupaciones entre la comunidad científica respecto a sus posibles destinos y efectos ambientales. Esta investigación presenta un monitoreo preliminar del uso y consumo de PPCPs y su presencia en las aguas residuales de una planta de tratamiento en zona rural de Pereira (Colombia), donde los vertimientos domésticos son tratadas en un sistema tanque séptico-filtro anaerobio y cuyo efluente se vierte en el río Otún antes de la bocatoma del acueducto de la ciudad. Los compuestos monitoreados en esta investigación incluyen ibuprofeno, naproxeno, diclofenaco, aspirina, ketoprofeno, cafeína, galaxolide, tonalida y dihidrojasmonato. Se utilizó un método de análisis multiresiduo adaptado, que se basa en la extracción en fase sólida con cartuchos de balance hydrophiliclipophilic y determinación por cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas. La planta de tratamiento pudo eliminar menos del 50 % del dihidrojasmonato, diclofenaco y galaxolida del agua residual; las concentraciones de aspirina, naproxeno y tonalida sólo fueron reducidas en un 15 %, y la cafeína, ibuporfeno y ketoprofeno no fueron removidos. Estos resultados proporcionan información base para decidir sob...

The following document presents the modeling and qualitative analysis of an electric power system with which it is intended to use Takens’ theorem to show its effectiveness or inefficiency when predicting attractors. Knowing an initial state will show the procedure to know a state of the system even when all the variables that interact in the system are not known analytically; results obtained will also show two of the corresponding simulations in Matlab-software. The dipheomorphic attractor methodology allows us to advance much beyond the analytical techniques since no matter how exact the equation that models the system is, it is not the real one, the only real thing we have is the data periodically delivered by the system. in which case they will be the input data to build the attractor that allows obtaining information from the system.