Prophylaxis with antiseptic and antibiotic therapy is common in impacted lower third molar surgeries, despite the lack of consensus among professionals and researchers in the indication for healthy patients. The aim of the present preliminary study was to verify the impact of prophylaxis therapy with antiseptic and antibiotic in healthy patients submitted to impacted lower third molar extraction, according to oral microorganism quantification. Eleven patients submitted to impacted lower third molar extraction, under prophylactic therapy with 0.12% chlorhexidine and amoxicillin in four experimental phases, were evaluated. Our results showed no significant reduction in total bacteria load, as well as in Bacteroidetes and C. albicans loads in the oral cavity, after prophylactic therapy with antiseptic and antibiotic. On the other hand, there was a significant difference between the Firmicutes levels across the follow-up, and this effect seems to be large (ηp²=0.94). Post-hoc test demonstrated that the levels of Firmicutes in T1 were higher than T0, T2, and T3, suggesting a microbiota dysbiosis, when 0.12% chlorhexidine use, which may be responsible for selection of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Our results alert for an overuse of antiseptic and antibiotics by dentists and for a better evaluation of the available protocols.
RESUMO. Através desta revisão de literatura dissertamos técnicas para preservação alveolar, com foco em membranas não reabsorvíveis de politetrafluoretileno denso e polipropileno, suas respectivas propriedades e vantagens, aplicadas para a preservação do osso alveolar a partir de regeneração óssea guiada. Objetivo: Apresentar através de uma revisão de literatura a técnica de preservação alveolar com foco em membranas não absorvíveis de politetrafluoretileno denso e polipropileno, procurando explorar suas características, vantagens, desvantagens e técnicas clínicas. Metodologia: A metodologia utilizada consiste em uma revisão de bibliográfica de caráter exploratório a partir de artigos científicos das bases de dados Google Acadêmico, PubMed e Scielo, utilizando as palavras-chave: Regeneração óssea; Membranas Artificiais; Processo Alveolar. Os artigos foram qualificados através da Qualis Capes. Resultados: Foram retornados 2.145 resultados das bases de dados, após aplicar os critérios de seleção foram selecionados para compor esta revisão 46 artigos. Conclusão: Independente das técnicas de preservação alveolar utilizada, estas são capazes de promover a melhora e aumentar a previsibilidade dos resultados da reabilitação com implantes dentários.
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