Metallonitrosyl
complexes are promising as nitric oxide (NO) donors
for the treatment of cardiovascular, endothelial, and pathogenic diseases,
as well as cancer. Recently, the reduced form of NO– (protonated as HNO, nitroxyl, azanone, isoelectronic with O2) has also emerged as a candidate for therapeutic applications
including treatment of acute heart failure and alcoholism. Here, we
show that HNO is a product of the reaction of the RuII complex
[Ru(bpy)2(SO3)(NO)]+ (1) with glutathione or N-acetyl-L-cysteine, using met-myoglobin and carboxy-PTIO (2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide)
as trapping agents. Characteristic absorption spectroscopic profiles
for HNO reactions with met-myoglobin were obtained, as well as EPR
evidence from carboxy-PTIO experiments. Importantly, the product HNO
counteracted NO-induced as well as hypoxia-induced stabilization of
the tumor-suppressor HIF-1α in cancer cells. The functional
disruption of neovascularization by HNO produced by this metallonitrosyl
complex was demonstrated in an in vitro angiogenesis
model. This behavior is consistent with HNO biochemistry and contrasts
with NO-mediated stabilization of HIF-1α. Together, these results
demonstrate for the first time thiol-dependent production of HNO by
a ruthenium complex and subsequent destabilization of HIF-1α.
This work suggests that the complex warrants further investigation
as a promising antiangiogenesis agent for the treatment of cancer.
Com a sanção da Lei 11.645 / 2008, tornou-se obrigatória a abordagem da História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira e Indígena no ensino fundamental e médio. Para além do debate sobre o cumprimento efetivo nas escolas e estabelecimentos educacionais do que prevê a referida Lei, muitos trabalhos presentes na literatura apresentam propostas de como alinhar as questões étnico-raciais aos mais diversos conteúdos de diferentes áreas. Neste sentido, no contexto do Ensino de Química, este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta de ensino de polímeros abordando a exploração do trabalho braçal das negras e negros nos canaviais desde o período colonial até os dias atuais, vendido como praticidade e economia no processo. Dessa forma, é mostrada não somente a contradição inerente ao sistema capitalista, no qual quem mais produz não usufrui do valor do que é produzido, como também a negra e o negro como produtores da riqueza material do país. Essas análises são feitas ao decorrer de sequências didáticas. Palavras-chave: Polímero verde. Questões étnico-raciais. Exploração.
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