Las actuales tendencias de urbanización y economías crecientes conllevan aumentos en la congestión de tráfico, por lo que los gobiernos municipales se ven obligados a recurrir a nuevas estrategias para enfrentar tales desafíos. La distribución multi-nivel es una estrategia ya conocida y empleada por empresas, donde la formulación clásica del Problema de Ruteo de Vehículos en Dos Niveles (2E-VRP, por sus siglas en inglés) refleja la perspectiva de un único proveedor, sin considerar las decisiones de ruteo de terceros. La falta de coordinación entre proveedores ejecutando sus planificaciones individuales y, consecuentemente, la falta de un enfoque holístico al tráfico urbano puede causar más problemas. En este artículo se presenta una formulación multi-objetivo del 2E-VRP multi-proveedor con flotas heterogéneas de vehículos desde la perspectiva del gobierno municipal en el contexto del Movimiento de Bienes Urbanos. Adicionalmente, se presenta un Algoritmo Evolutivo Multi-Objetivo para la resolución del problema propuesto con validaciones experimentales de la calidad de soluciones obtenidas
The Galápagos Islands are one of the biggest marine reserves in the world, home to a complex dynamic between its inhabitants, tourists, and biodiversity. Therefore, control over the logistics surrounding the resulting human mobilization process is fundamental to minimize the impact on the Islands' natural resources. This research gathers relevant information regarding the operation of the maritime transportation system of the islands and the waste management of its floating population based on official sources as well as in-situ observation. This chapter includes three sections with the purpose of maximizing the range of information analyzed. The first section covers the maritime cargo transportation from the continent to the islands. The second one covers the transportation of people between the islands, and the third covers the transportation and management of waste produced by each island. The information covers the institutions and policies that govern each of the systems considered and can serve to optimize the transportation logistics of the Galápagos Islands.
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