Despite the abundance of energy sources that Nigeria has, the population is still experiencing energy poverty. Access to clean and reliable energy is critical for sustainable economic development and the wellbeing of Nigerians. With the global low-carbon energy transition currently underway, the issue of energy poverty must be tackled by the international community. The community must make a concerted effort to mobilize international capital flows towards sustainable energy development projects. The purpose of this paper is to analyze key climate finance instruments and how they can improve access to energy and contribute to sustainable development in Nigeria.