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It is shown that the Hilbert space of spin 12 particles, elementary under the Galilei group, decomposes into two subspaces invariant under the “static” Galilei group. This fact implies a linearization of the Schrödinger equation and suggests a square-root procedure to introduce electromagnetic interactions leading to the right expression for the intrinsic magnetic moment of the particle without using relativity. The procedure can be used to introduce the electron intrinsic magnetic moment in a more convincing way than is usual in textbooks.

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This paper examines the oxidation behavior of thin specimens of cast NiCoCrAlY alloys at 1150 • C through successive stages, from Al 2 O 3 growth to complete alloy conversion to oxide. Five alloy compositions were used, with varying fractions and compositions of γ and β. The time evolution of the alloy composition during Al 2 O 3 growth was simulated using the DICTRA module of Thermo-Calc, and calculated analytically in the approximation of flat profiles. Simulated and experimental profiles were found to be in good agreement, indicating that the phase equilibrium and mass balance were correctly reproduced in the simulations. Local variations of alloy composition were observed in thinner specimens and found to be comparable with the variations expected from the uncertainty on the initial specimen thickness. The variations observed in the time-to-Al 2 O 3 failure were greater than expected on this basis, suggesting that additional sources of variability were in effect. Alumina failure was followed by the growth of a Cr 2 O 3 layer at the alloy-scale interface. Similarly, Cr consumption eventually led to Cr 2 O 3 failure, and Ni-and Co-containing spinel oxide formed, converting the Cr 2 O 3 at the alloy-scale interface and the Al 2 O 3 at the scale-gas interface. The remaining NiCo alloy was then converted to (Ni,Co)O. This sequence occurred without abrupt increase of the mass gain, due to the continued presence of the remnant Al 2 O 3 layer, and to the small amount of metal left to oxidize when the (Ni,Co)O eventually broke through the scale. The evolution of the scale composition throughout the oxidation stages is discussed based on an analysis of the thermodynamic conditions at the alloy-scale interface.