Oxidative damage at the DNA level may be promoted by high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to genomic instability and increased neoplastic risk. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) enzymes are implicated in the prevention of DNA damage by ROS. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between CAT C262T, GPX1 Pro198Leu, MnSOD Ala16Val, GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphisms and the risk of CML. No association was observed between CML and variant genotypes of GPX1, MnSOD, GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms in any of the investigated cases. Our study suggests that the homozygous variant genotype of the GSTP1 Ile105Val gene polymorphisms may be associated with the risk of developing CML (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.08–5.7; P value = 0.02), while the heterozygous genotype of the CAT C262T polymorphism seems to have a protective effect against CML (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.39–0.89, P value = 0.01). In most cases, no association was found between laboratory parameters and prognostic factors and the variant genotype of investigated gene polymorphisms. We concluded that CAT, GPX, MnSOD, GSTM1, and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms are not associated with the risk of CML. Variant genotype of the GSTP1 Ile105Val gene polymorphisms may contribute to the risk of developing CML.

The presence of an ectopic ureter may be indicated by continuous wetting, despite a normal voiding pattern, especially in girls. In most cases, an ectopic ureter is associated with a duplex collecting system and complete ureteral duplication. A 5-year-old girl presented with urinary incontinence regardless of the successful toilet training and a suspicion of left duplex kidney on a previous ultrasound. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a double left kidney with double ureters, both inserting together into the vagina. The surgical treatment consisted in the “en block” reimplantation of the ectopic ureters into the bladder, with complete resolution of the symptoms. The reported case does not represent just a typical presentation of a single ectopic ureter, as the duplex kidney system had ectopic both ipsilateral ureters (with insertion into the vagina). This case reminds us that congenital abnormalities of the genito-urinary tract should be considered in case of urinary incontinence and recurrent urinary tract infections.

The genetic polymorphisms of X-ray repair cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1), X-ray repair cross complementing group 3 (XRCC3), and xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D (XPD) repair genes may lead to genetic instability and leukemogenesis. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln, Arg280His and Arg194Trp, XRCC3 Thr241Met, and XPD Lys751Gln polymorphisms and the risk of developing CML in Romanian patients. A total of 156 patients diagnosed with CML and 180 healthy controls were included in this study. We found no association between CML and XRCC1 or XRCC3 variant genotypes in any of the investigated cases. A significant difference was observed in the variant genotype frequencies of the XPD Lys751Gln polymorphism between the patients with CML and control group (for variant homozygous genotypes, OR = 2.37; 95% CI = 1.20–4.67; P value = 0.016 and for combined heterozygous and variant homozygous genotypes, OR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.10–2.69; P value = 0.019). This was also observed when analyzing the variant 751Gln allele (OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.13–2.11; P value = 0.008). Our results suggest that the XPD Lys751Gln variant genotype increases the risk of CML.

The aim of this study was to establish the manner in which the LEPR 223, 1019, 492, and 976 gene polymorphisms influence child obesity.We performed a prospective case-control study on 264 hospitalized children from Romania (Nutrichild study) whom we divided into 2 groups: Group I —143 controls and Group II—121 obese children.The 2 groups were evaluated regarding the anthropometry (MUAC, TST, H/L, hip, and abdominal circumference), paraclinical results (protein, leptin, adiponectin, TNF alfa, IL 6, IL 8, VEGF, protein, albumin) and LEPR 223, 1019, 492, and 976 gene polymorphisms. We noticed that the most frequent genotypes in obese children were AG+GG for LEPR 223 gene (P = 0.0001) and GA+AA for LEPR 1019 gene (P = 0.0001), whereas LEPR 492 and LEPR 976 gene polymorphisms did not correlate with obesity. MUAC, TST, H/L, leptin, and adiponectin were correlated with the GG genotype of the LEPR 223 gene, whereas the AG genotype correlated with TNF alpha and serum IL 8. Hip and abdominal perimeters were higher in LEPR 1019 AA genotype carriers, whereas TNF alpha and IL 6 correlated with the GG genotype of the same gene. Obesity did not correlate with protein serum levels.We observed that obesity is more frequent in children with LEPR 223 AG+GG and LEPR 1019 GA+AA genotypes. In obese children LEPR 223/492/1019 AG/GG/GA, GG/GG/GA and AA/GG/GA combined genotypes are more frequent.