Gallbladder cholesterolosis is a nosological clinical entity where the central element is the deposit of lipids in immune cells that reside under the gallbladder epithelium. The mechanisms involved in its development are not entirely clear, but they seem to have some resemblances that are observed in the wall of the arteries with atherosclerosis. The lipid-laden cells observed in the gallbladder wall appear to share many of the characteristics of atherosclerosis foam cells, which by means of scavenger receptors have endocited oxidized low-density lipoproteins and accumulate them in their cytoplasm. Foam cells, in themselves, are not dangerous, but in atherosclerosis at least they can become a problem when they are located in vessels and specific anatomic sites. The role they may have in the gallbladder is not known to date. We will review some considerations that seem relevant to us to elucidate if these entities share the same protagonist: macrophages transformed by modified lipids.

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune pathology caused by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible people, currently considered multisystemic. The treatment of CD is a lifelong strict Gluten-Free Diet (GFD), which allows a symptomatic improvement in most patients and achieve intestinal mucosa healing confirmed with histological study. The adherence to the GFD is variable, arguing as possible factors related to failure the economic, cultural, social aspects and the consumption of gluten inadvertently. The management of celiac patients contemplates instructing in the proper follow-up of GFD and evaluating their adherence. So far, the only way to assess adherence to GFD is through surveys, self-reports of eating habits and serology, being the main disadvantage the subjectivity factor. Recently the immunogenic gluten peptides have acquired relevance for the objective evaluation of the adherence to the GFD and the measurement appears as an efficient and sensitive option to determine the gluten intake, providing relevant information for the clinical management.