Purpose: To investigate the influence of age on nasopharyngeal dimensions and respiratory symptoms in patients undergoing surgery to correct velopharyngeal insufficiency using the pharyngeal flap technique. Methods: A sample comprising 103 individuals divided into three groups: children (6-12 years old), young adults (18-30 years old) and middle-aged adults (≥ 40 years old). This was a retrospective study that analyzed the values for the nasopharyngeal area (pressure-flow technique, reference value: 0.570 cm 2 ) and the symptoms of oral respiration, snoring and respiratory difficulties during sleep. The values were obtained, on average, 12 months after surgery. The nasopharyngeal area was compared between the groups using analysis of variance, and respiratory symptoms were compared using the chi-squared test (p<0.05). Results

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Report on a woman patient with an idiopathic hepatic duct cyst, who had been followed up by us over a period of 12 years and who was a laparotomy case for 4 times. On the basis of intraoperative results and the course of the disease we were able to collect information on the growth and involution of the cyst, as well as on the influence exercised on the clinical picture. If resection of a cyst with drainage of the gall passages to the jejunum by means of Roux sling proves too dangerous, it would be better to choose a simple drainage operation; in this regard we prefer a transduodenal interior connection to an exterior one.