No abstract

This project designs a training system to perform an evacuation due to the presence of a possible structural fire using virtual reality. To develop the proposal, the software and hardware tools with which the experiment was carried out were initially selected, this selection was made taking into account the criteria of the ISO 25010 Standard and the AHP methodology was used based on the opinion of some experts in the area. The training system was applied to a sample size of 68 people. It was evidenced that the application of the concept of serious games integrated with virtual reality significantly improves the participants' learning by generating a higher level of immersion in the emergency. In addition, considering the average time that participants took to learn the evacuation system of the building with the developed application, a positive impact was obtained in areas such as: productivity, economy, culture, health and technology.

This study evaluates the performance of different agricultural by-products to identify the potential effect of independent variables, using as the dependent variable the biogas production. A Box–Behnken experimental design was carried out in a pilot-scale plant of four stirred stainless-steel digesters under mesophilic semi-continuous digestion. The results obtained support the creation of a technical framework to scale up the process and further evaluation of the potential environmental impacts through life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. A stable behaviour was achieved in 12 of the 13 experiments proposed. The highest value of daily biogas production was 2200.15 mL day−1 with a stabilization time of 14 days, an organic loading rate of 4 g VS feed daily, low C/N ratio and a 1:1 relation of nitrogen providers. The concentrations of CH4 remained stable after the production stabilization and an average biogas composition of 60.6% CH4, 40.1% CO2 and 0.3% O2 was obtained for the conditions mentioned above. Therefore, the real scale plant was estimated to manage 2.67 tonnes of residual biomass per day, generating 369.69 kWh day−1 of electricity. The LCA analysis confirms that the co-digestion process evaluated is a feasible and environmentally sustainable option for the diversification of the Colombian energy matrix and the development of the agro-industrial sector.