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Silica, exhibiting crystalline texture has been prepared from aqueous solution at pH ca. 7 in the presence of intrasilica biomolecules extracted from the primitive plant Equisetum telmateia; some of the silica shows interplanar lattice spacings of 3.5 Å and is present in lath-like objects up to ca. 20-30 nm wide and more than 100 nm in length; an electron diffraction pattern obtained from this material also shows interplanar spacings of 3.46, 2.13 and 1.70 Å suggesting that the material might be quartz.

Berardelli (2006) also reveals that Perry et al. offer silica binding as a comprehensive model of how varnish forms. A silica-binding model of varnish formation, however, is contradicted by prior literature in six independent ways. (1) A successful model of varnish formation must explain the tremendous enhancement of Mn in

The silica in some biominerals has been investigated by electron microscopy and i.r. and n.m.r. spectroscopy and has been shown to be amorphous and to contain many Si-OH units.