Statistical tools were used to analyze membrane fouling
occurring during ultrafiltration (UF) of clarified grape juice. Experimental
flux data were correlated to dead-end and crossflow filtration models.
The UF experiments were performed at 30 and 40 °C for an 8-kDa
multitubular ceramic membrane and also at 30 °C for a 1-kDa membrane
to determine the effect of pore size. ANOVA was used for the statistical
analysis of fluxes. The modified Kolmorov-Smirnov and the Shapiro-Wilk
tests were used to evaluate the normality of the residuals obtained
from each model, thus allowing validation or rejection of initial
adjustments given by a simple R-square statistical test. Using the
standard error of the estimate and the mean absolute error it was
possible to identify the best model for each case. Differences in
the permeate flux and fouling mechanisms between both temperatures
and pore size were discussed.
Promover calidad de la educación universitaria es fundamental para el desarrollo, sin embargo sostenerlo solo desde currículos tecnificados, es olvidar el valor que agrega lo emocional en la formación de personas con responsabilidad social.El presente artículo reflexiona cómo la incorporación de lo emocional como un eje curricular, favorece la efectividad y profundidad de los aprendizajes, aunque su manejo en el aula obligue a un cambio en la relación profesor-alumno.Una experiencia de aula, basado en lo propuesto por Krathwohl confirmó mejoras en la disposición al trabajo, conductas y resultados en los grupos. Esto, en concordancia con la literatura, corrobora que una educación que prioriza competencias genéricas, consigue mayor desarrollo y productividad, formando profesionales que contribuirán mejor al desarrollo económico de su comunidad.
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