HighlightsSmall bowel GIST is an unusual tumour of the gastrointestinal tract and can have various clinical presentations.Its presentation as acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage is unusual, and high index of suspicion is required for diagnosis.We describe a case of a giant jejunal GIST causing massive low gastrointestinal bleeding, requiring emergency surgery.This case reviews an unusual presentation of small intestinal GISTs as well as its management in an emergent context.

SUMMARYA 77-year-old man presented with acute graft dysfunction 25 years after a renal transplant in the left iliac fossa. He also had an asymptomatic left inguinal hernia. Renal ultrasound showed a significant pyelocalicial dilation of the kidney graft and the patient was submitted to a percutaneous nephrostomy. An antegrade nephrostogram was performed, which showed a dilated ureter and the bladder included in the left inguinal hernia that caused the obstructive uropathy. Concomitant retrograde cystography also showed a significant portion of the bladder in the hernia sac. The patient was submitted to inguinal hernia repair, which resolved the obstruction. We present a rare and potentially curable cause of obstructive uropathy in a transplant recipient; it is possible to revert graft dysfunction and prevent graft loss if the condition is recognised early. BACKGROUND

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Afferent loop syndrome is a rare complication after gastrectomy with Billroth II or Roux-en-Y reconstruction, caused by an obstruction in the proximal loop. The biliary stasis and bacterial overgrowth secondary to this obstruction can lead to repeated episodes of acute cholangitis. We present the case of a male patient who had previously undergone gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction and later experienced multiple episodes of acute cholangitis secondary to choledocolithiasis. He underwent an open exploration of the bile ducts with choledocolitotomy, but the events of cholangitis persisted. Further investigation permitted to identify a dilation of the biliary loop of the Roux-en-Y anastomosis, suggesting enterobiliary reflux as the cause of recurrent acute cholangitis. Therefore, a bowel enterectomy and new jejunojejunostomy were undertaken, and normal biliary flow was re-established. The surgical treatment is mandatory in benign causes, leading to the resolution of the obstruction and subsequent normalisation of bile flow.