The use of medication during pregnancy and lactation is a subject of extreme relevance, since the scarcity of research with these groups makes it difficult to access data on the possible effects and risks of drugs. The objective of the current study seeks to analyze the use of drugs in pregnant and breastfeeding women attended at the Basic Health Units in the central region of the Federal District and classify the risk of such drugs according to the Food and Drug Administration. In this research, data were collected through a questionnaire using Google Forms. The research took place between August 2020 and July 2021, through bibliographic analysis and data collection from the questionnaire. The results showed that 34% of the women were lactating and 66% were pregnant and 100% had some medical prescription, including folic acid, ferrous sulfate and multivitamins. The rate of selfmedication was high, 22%, with analgesics, antipyretics and antiemetics being the most used therapeutic classes. The use of drugs by these women was predominant in the first trimester, followed by the second and third, and they were being monitored by medical assistance. Given these results, we concluded that health professionals were cautious when prescribing medications, demonstrating a rational prescription. However, the relevance of the production of campaigns by the Basic Units is highlighted, alerting and guiding professionals in the area to pay attention to the care in drug prescriptions, as well as the women in this group about the possible effects, in addition to emphasizing the risks of self-medication. This way, we will avoid prescription errors and, consequently, damage to the health of the pregnant woman, fetus and child.