Central serous chorioretinopathy is characterized by an idiopathic neurosensory detachment of the retina. This narrative review aims to discuss the classification system used for central serous chorioretinopathy. Based on our current knowledge, there is no universally adopted classification system. This is the result of the unknown aspects related to pathogenesis and clinical spectrum and evolution. The best option could be to aggregate multimodal pieces of information alongside temporal and phenotypic characteristics.

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Background: Among congenital diseases, congenital heart disease is one of the most frequent defects, accounting for high morbidity and mortality rates. Coexistence of ocular sequelae, especially in retinal microvascularization, is frequent, and may be a marker of vascular damage and severity of underlying disease. Aims: To identify ocular anatomical repercussions in children with congenital heart diseases; to describe the prevalence of potential markers associated with retinal vessels using a smartphone. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study with children diagnosed with congenital heart disease treated at the Instituto de Cardiologia in Porto Alegre-RS from 4 up to (but not over) 18 years old. Results: Of a total of 218 patients assessed, 206 were included in the study. Mean age was 10.19 years +- 3.88. Uncorrected visual acuity poorer than 0.6 in at least one eye was found in 11.65% (24) of all patients. Regarding retinal findings, estimated mean arterial tortuosity was 437.79 μm, and estimated mean venous tortuosity was 336.41 μm. Taking only the cyanotic group, the arterial mean reached 557.29 μm, and the venous mean reached 401.86 (p=.001 and p=.004, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, estimated mean arterial tortuosity of cyanotic patients undergoing clinical treatment was 699.13 μm versus 489.74 μm for those without clinical treatment (p<0.001). Conclusion: Presence of retinal vascular tortuosity, especially in the arterial bed, is associated with cyanotic CHD. Identification of ocular changes, especially through an easily accessible and universal method such as the smartphone, may have diagnostic and prognostic significance.