Chorea is a movement disorder usually due to vascular, hereditary, metabolic or drug- induced causes, and has rarely been reported in association with polycythemia vera (PV). Polycythemic chorea is an uncommon clinical entity that occurs more often in elderly women. PV is a treatable cause of chorea and must be considered during the diagnostic approach. We report the case of a 75-year-old woman with involuntary movements of the mouth and face with subsequent involvement of the trunk and limbs who was admitted for investigation of the chorea. The patient had the haematological attributes of PV and a positive mutation in the janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene, and was therefore treated with hydroxyurea which led to a marked reduction in the chorea and improvement in haematological parameters. Various aetiologies of chorea must be considered in the elderly. The present case illustrates the importance of considering PV in the differential diagnosis, since its treatment leads to chorea resolution, thus avoiding serious complications.

Report of the longitudinal evolution of the anthropometric indices of an obese child from preschool to the end of the puberty. It is about a 4 year-old boy with history of weight gain since the first year due to carbohydrate-rich and industrialized food intake, associated with physical inactivity and familiar history of obesity. At the first appointment he had body mass index (BMI) in Z-score + 7,36 and stature above the parental target. After orientations about lifestyle changes, he reached, at 7 years old, the lowest BMI and the growth rate became reduced. At this point, other causes of growth retardation have been ruled out, therefore the hypothesis was of growth stop secondary to weight loss and recanalization of the growth curve in response to the treatment of the exogenous obesity. In the evolution, the patient regained weight maintaining the drop on the stature, staying within the parental target. When puberty started, he presented progressive fall in BMI score and increased growth velocity. At 17, he reached BMI and stature within normality and parent target. Throughout the follow-up, the importance of healthy eating and realization of physical activity was reinforced. No medications were used, and there were no alterations at physical and complementary exams. The weight loss in obese children with tall stature for the parental target, can lead to slow growth rate when secondary to change to healthy habits and increase in physical activity, however without affecting the final height.

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Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de sífilis congênita e os fatores associados à doença em neonatos de dois hospitais universitários da cidade de Pelotas, RS.Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, cujos casos de sífilis congênita foram identificados por meio das notificações compulsórias de cada hospital no período entre janeiro de 2016 a dezembro de 2017. As características dos neonatos com a doença foram comparadas àquelas dos nascidos vivos em Pelotas durante o período do estudo nestes hospitais.Resultados: A prevalência de sífilis congênita foi de 2,4% e a probabilidade de investigação foi maior nos filhos de gestantes mais jovens, de cor não branca e com menor escolaridade. Os neonatos investigados tiveram uma probabilidade 40% maior de nascerem com baixo peso.Conclusão: A prevalência de sífilis congênita continua elevada e o principal impacto sobre a saúde do neonato foi o aumento da probabilidade de baixo peso ao nascer.