The renin–angiotensin system modulates insulin action. Angiotensin type 1 receptor exerts a deleterious effect, whereas the angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) appears to have beneficial effects providing protection against insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. To further explore the role of the AT2R on insulin action and glucose homeostasis, in this study we administered C57Bl/6 mice with the synthetic agonist of the AT2R C21 for 12 weeks (1 mg/kg per day; ip). Vehicle‐treated animals were used as control. Metabolic parameters, glucose, and insulin tolerance, in vivo insulin signaling in main insulin‐target tissues as well as adipose tissue levels of adiponectin, and TNF‐α were assessed. C21‐treated animals displayed decreased glycemia together with unaltered insulinemia, increased insulin sensitivity, and increased glucose tolerance compared to nontreated controls. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in adipocytes size in epididymal adipose tissue and significant increases in both adiponectin and UCP‐1 expression in this tissue. C21‐treated mice showed an increase in both basal Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels in the liver, and increased insulin‐stimulated Akt activation in adipose tissue. This positive modulation of insulin action induced by C21 appeared not to involve the insulin receptor. In C21‐treated mice, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle became unresponsive to insulin in terms of ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels. Present data show that chronic pharmacological activation of AT2R with C21 increases insulin sensitivity in mice and indicate that the AT2R has a physiological role in the conservation of insulin action.

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Leiomyomas of the bladder constitute <0.5% of all bladder tumors, with about 250 cases reported. Most patients present with urinary frequency or obstructive urinary symptoms. There are rare cases with other presentations, such as dyspareunia. We report a 22-year-old female who presented with complaints of pelvic discomfort, dysuria, and dyspareunia. Imaging and cystoscopy showed a protruding bladder lesion, which was excised through a transurethral resection. The pathologic diagnosis was bladder leiomyoma. Although being a benign condition, they can cause several different symptoms and should be early diagnosed and treated.