While Optical Music Recognition (OMR) of modern printed and handwritten documents is considered a solved problem, with many commercial systems available today, the OMR of ancient musical manuscripts still remains an open problem. In this paper we present a system for the OMR of degraded western plainchant manuscripts in square notation from the XIV to XVI centuries. The system has two main blocks, the first one deals with symbol extraction and recognition, while the second one acts as an error detection stage for the first block outputs. For symbol extraction we use widely known image-processing techniques, such as Sobel filtering and Hough Transform, and SVM for classification. The error detection stage is implemented with a hidden Markov model (HMM), which takes advantage of a priori knowledge for this specific kind of music.
La historia de la enfermería en México, como campo de estudio específico de la historia, es una creación reciente. Las investigaciones relacionadas con dicho tema comenzaron a publicarse de forma constante hace alrededor de veinte años, sin que se haya hecho hasta ahora un análisis de esa literatura. Este artículo presenta una revisión historiográfica. Por un lado, examina y critica el paradigma tradicional de la historia de la enfermería, profundamente arraigado en la filosofía positivista, animando a repensar su enfoque; por otro lado, plantea posibles aproximaciones desde diversas aristas de la disciplina histórica, sugiere temáticas acordes a los intereses de la enfermería mexicana y señala algunas fuentes que podrían servir como punto de partida para desarrollar nuevos estudios.
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