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Introduction: Exfoliation syndrome is an agerelated disease leading to ocular and systemic complications. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of exfoliation syndrome (XFS) in Egypt and its association with cataract as one of its comorbidities. Methods: In a retrospective, hospital-based study, 155,032 Egyptians aged over 40 years from all 27 Egyptian governorates were evaluated for the prevalence of XFS and cataract in the period between January 2015 and June 2020. Results: A total of 2448 (1.6%) of the studied subjects had XFS. Their mean age was 71.2 ± 9.62 years which was significantly higher than those of subjects with no XFS. Men comprised 1348 (55.1%) of those diagnosed with XFS and this association was statistically significant (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.45-1.70).Considering the ratio between subjects in our cohort from each region and its real population, the overall corrected prevalence in Egypt was 4.49% (Territorial regions 6.89%, Upper Egypt 5.51%, Lower Egypt 4.38%, and Greater Cairo 3.29%). Among all subjects with XFS, cataract was found in 2150 subjects (87.8%) and XFS represented 6.4% of all subjects diagnosed with cataract in our cohort (n = 33,610). Among subjects with no cataract (n = 121,422), 298 subjects had XFS (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.03-0.04). Conclusion: Egypt has a moderate XFS prevalence compared to other countries. There is a strong association between XFS and cataract, and XFS was more common in elderly males. The results can be explained by differences in diet, ethnicity, climate, and maybe other factors.

Purpose: To report a case of autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy (ARB) that presented with macular hole retinal detachment (MHRD). Methods: A case report. Results: A 31-year-old male patient presented with rapid deterioration of vision in the left eye. On fundus examination, bilateral retinal deposits in both eyes, which were brightly hyperautofluorescent, and an MHRD in the left eye could be detected. An electrooculogram demonstrated absent light rise with abnormal Arden’s ratio in both eyes. The patient was offered surgery for the MHRD but refused due to the guarded visual prognosis. Follow up of the patient after one year revealed progression of the retinal detachment. Genetic testing revealed a novel, homozygous missense mutation in the BEST1 gene, confirming the diagnosis of ARB. Conclusion: ARB can present with an MHRD. Counseling patients with inherited retinal dystrophies about the visual prognosis following surgical intervention is important.

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