Background: Absence of knowledge of pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPGP) has prompted the start of a large cohort study in the Netherlands. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and incidence of PPGP, to identify risk factors involved in the onset and to determine the prognosis of pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain.

Objective: To translate the Dizziness Handicap Inventory into German (DHI-G) and investigate reliability, assess the association between selected items of the University of California Los Angeles Dizziness Questionnaire (UCLA-DQ) and the DHI-G and compare the scores of patients and healthy participants.Design: Cross-sectional design.Setting: Tertiary centre for vertigo, dizziness or balance disorders. Subjects:One-hundred forty-one patients with vertigo, dizziness and unsteadiness associated with a vestibular disorder; mean age 51.5 (13.2) and fifty-two healthy individuals participated.Interventions: Fourteen patients participated in the cognitive debriefing; onehundred twenty-seven patients completed the questionnaires once or twice within one week. Conclusions:The DHI-G demonstrated good reliability and is recommended as a measure of disability in patients with dizziness and unsteadiness.Dizziness Handicap Inventory -German version 2

This review shows an equal effectiveness of physiotherapist-led exercises compared with surgery in the long term and of home-based exercises compared with combined physiotherapy interventions in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome in the short and long term; passive treatments cannot be recommended for shoulder impingement syndrome. However, in general, the samples were small, and different diagnostic criteria were applied, which makes a firm conclusion difficult. More high-quality trials with longer follow-ups are recommended.

Fear-avoidance beliefs contribute significantly to baseline disability but not to disability change scores after 3-month follow-up. Duration of complaints and baseline disability were the main factors influencing disability change scores. Although the results help to improve understanding of the role of fear-avoidance beliefs, further studies are needed to fully understand the influence of psychological and clinical factors on the development of disability in patients with subacromial shoulder pain.

The BBS proved to be reliable and to relate well with other mobility measures, fear of falling, and muscle strength. However, it was unable discriminate between people who did fall and people who did not fall.