RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito do alumínio (Al) sobre a germinação, crescimento inicial e estresse oxidativo de plântulas de Luehea divaricata em cultivo in vitro. Sementes de L. divaricata foram inoculadas em tubos de ensaio contendo meio MS com diferentes concentrações de Al (0, 50 e 100 mg L -1 ), em pH 4,5. As plântulas foram cultivadas em sala de crescimento, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de 20 tubos de ensaio cada, e uma semente por tubo. Após 60 dias de cultivo, as plântulas foram coletadas para as análises morfológicas e bioquímicas. A germinação de sementes e a biomassa fresca e seca de parte aérea foram significativamente reduzidas pelo Al. O número de folhas, comprimento da raiz principal, altura, massa fresca de raízes, diâmetro e volume médio radicular foram reduzidos em 100 mg L -1 de Al. O comprimento médio de raízes, a área superficial e biomassa seca de raízes não foram afetados pelo Al. Nas raízes, a concentração de 100 mg L -1 reduziu a atividade da guaiacol peroxidase (POD) e aumentou a da superóxido dismutase (SOD), enquanto na parte aérea essas enzimas foram inibidas pelo Al, mas o aumento na peroxidação lipídica só foi observado em 100 mg L -1 . Com base nos resultados, pode-se concluir que as plântulas de L. divaricata apresentam tolerância ao Al em concentração de até 50 mg L -1 quando presente no meio de crescimento in vitro. Esta é uma informação relevante para utilização desta espécie no reflorestamento e descontaminação de solos ácidos.
Growth-promoting bacteria Azospirillum brasilense, used as an inoculant in corn culture, can be severely affected by the exposure temperature, with a lethal effect above 35°C, when cultivated alone under laboratory conditions. Such effects may limit the associative interaction between plant-bacteria, with reduced inoculation efficiency, resulting in a lower growth rate of the plant and an increase in oxidative stress. Thus, the objective of the research was to evaluate the efficiency of the inoculation process with A. brasilense in seeds and in the initial growth of seedlings of two corn cultivars submitted to different temperatures. Were utilized corn hybrids seed Syn 488 and Syn 505. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme (with and without inoculation of A. brasilense x 4 sowing temperatures: 20, 25, 30, and 35ºC), with four replications. The inoculation efficiency in corn seedlings submitted to different temperatures was evaluated through the following tests: germination, first count, seedling length and dry weight. In addition, responses at the biochemical level of the interaction (temperatures x inoculation) for the content of photosynthetic pigments and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation were evaluated. The inoculation with A. brasilense changed the morphological and biochemical responses of corn seedlings, and the inoculation process was efficient for all temperatures tested. The best results were under temperatures 25, 30, and 35°C. Plant and bacteria when exposed to temperature conditions (30°C inoculated) showed a significant increase in plant biomass and activity of antioxidant enzymes.
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