Chapain C. and Comunian R. Enabling and inhibiting the creative economy: the role of the local and regional dimensions in England, Regional Studies. Integrating findings from two separate research projects in Birmingham and Newcastle-Gateshead in England, this paper explores factors that enable or inhibit the development of creative and cultural industries in English regions outside London. The findings question current creative and cultural industries policies and their understanding of the local and regional dimensions as being limited to the idea of geographical clusters. Instead, the paper calls for a wider approach that also takes into account the importance of the regional infrastructure and the 'knowledge pool' necessary to the development of creative and cultural industries, but also personal and operational connections of the creative and cultural industries within and outside their region. [image omitted] Chapain C. et Comunian R. Promouvoir ou inhiber l'economie creative: le role de la dynamique locale et regionale en Angleterre, Regional Studies. Cet article integre les resultats de deux projets de recherche realises respectivement a Birmingham et Newcastle-Gateshead afin d'explorer les facteurs qui favorisent ou inhibent le developpement des industries culturelles et creatives dans les regions anglaises a l'exterieur de Londres. Nos resultats remettent en cause les politiques culturelles et creatives anglaises actuelles et leur comprehension de la dimension locale et regionale limitee a l'idee de regroupement (� cluster �) geographique d'entreprises. Au contraire, cet article recommande l'adoption d'une approche elargie tenant compte de l'importance de l'ensemble des infrastructures regionales et du pool de connaissance necessaires au developpement de ces industries mais aussi de leurs connections personnelles et d'affaire a la fois a l'interieur et a l'exterieur de leur regions. Industries creatives Politique culturelle regionale Pole creatif Economique developpement regional Pool de connaissance Chapain C. und Comunian R. Forderung und Behinderung der kreativen Wirtschaft: die Rolle der lokalen und regionalen Dimensionen in England, Regional Studies. Anhand der Ergebnisse von zwei separaten Forschungsprojekten in Birmingham und Newcastle-Gateshead (England) wird in diesem Beitrag untersucht, welche Faktoren die Entwicklung der kreativen und kulturellen Industrie in englischen Regionen ausserhalb Londons fordern bzw. behindern. Unsere Ergebnisse stellen die derzeitigen Politiken fur kreative und kulturelle Industrie und deren Verstandnis der lokalen und regionalen Dimensionen in Frage, da sie sich auf die Idee der geografischen Cluster beschranken. Stattdessen wird in diesem Beitrag ein breiterer Ansatz befurwortet, der auch die Bedeutung der regionalen Infrastruktur und des 'Wissenspools' berucksichtigt, welche fur die Entwicklung der kreativen und kulturellen Industrie erforderlich sind, und ebenso die personellen und betrieblichen Verknupfungen dieser Industrie inner- und ausserhalb ihrer jeweili...

This paper examines how the loss of 6,300 jobs from the closure of MG Rover (MGR) in the city of Birmingham (UK) in April 2005 affected the employment trajectories of ex-workers, in the context of wider structural change and efforts at urban renewal. The paper presents an analysis of a longitudinal survey of 300 ex-MGR workers, and examines to what extent the state of local labour markets and workers" geographical mobility -as well as the effectiveness of the immediate policy response and longer term local economic strategies -may have helped balance the impacts of personal attributes associated with workers" employability and their reabsorption into the labour markets. We find that the relative buoyancy of the local economy, the success of longer-run efforts at diversification, and a strong policy response and retraining initiative helped many disadvantaged workers to find new jobs in the medium term. However, we also highlight the unequal employment outcomes and trajectories that many lesser-skilled workers faced. The paper explores the policy issues arising from such closures and their aftermath, such as the need to coordinate responses, to retain institutional capacity, to offer high quality training and education resources to workers, and where possible to slow down such closure processes to enable skills to be retained and reused within the local economy.

This paper explores the nature of the integration mechanisms of cultural and creative industries (CCI) into local and regional strategies and policies in Birmingham (England) and Marseille (France) over the last 30 years. Using the typology developed by Smith and Warfield (2008) with regard to the integration of CCI into local policies, the paper compares the type of private cultural and creative actors involved in policies based on either a culture-centric approach or an econo-centric approach, and their degree of collaboration and inclusion. The paper concludes that the culture-centric approach is more exclusive than the econo-centric approach, and tends to lead to restrictive governance arrangements involving only some key CCI actors. The inclusion of these key CCI private actors relies on their ability to sit and use multilevel networks to develop their activities and build their reputation, providing them with some advantage to enter win-win relationships with different public actors.Finally, our analysis highlights the importance of national policies in these dynamics by setting up wider local and regional governance arrangements and by influencing the type of policies and funding available to support the CCI at the local and regional levels. These national influences are also balanced by the availabilities of European funding to support these industries directly or indirectly as well.

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