Objective To describe the epidemiology of pediatric type 1 diabetes over 50 years in Canterbury, New Zealand. Further, to explore variation in case presentation according to age, gender, ethnicity, urban/rural character, socio‐economic deprivation and immunogenetic features. Research Design and Methods Prospective ascertainment of cases commenced in 1982, and incident cases presenting 1970–1982 were ascertained retrospectively from clinical records. Eligibility criteria included diagnosis of type 1 diabetes by a physician and commencement of insulin therapy at diagnosis and age less than 15 years. Data collection included name, hospital number, date of birth, date of diagnosis, and date of initiation of insulin treatment. Full address at diagnosis was assigned an urban–rural classification, and a deprivation score. HLA‐DQ susceptibility alleles and diabetes associated autoantibodies were determined. Results The incidence of type 1 diabetes increased more than 5‐fold (3.9% per annum) over 50 years for the entire cohort. The mean for 5‐year periods, starting from 1970, increased from 5.3 to 29.0 cases per 100,000 person years. Incidence was greatest in the 10–14 year age group. The cohort is predominantly European (89.4%), but there has been an increase in cases identifying as New Zealand Māori in the last three decades. Weak evidence was found for reduced incidence of type 1 diabetes in rural regions (adjusted IRR = 0.70, 95%CI 0.52 to 0.91, p = 0.011). Conclusions The incidence of type 1 diabetes in children aged less than 15 years continues to increase with time. Incidence was significantly affected by age, ethnicity, and urban/rural characterization of address at diagnosis.

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The paper describes the development and demonstration of a STEP-compatible prototype system for product modelling, and the transfer of engineering information transfer, from design to commissioning, in building services projects. Product modelling tools are described on the basis of an interactive graphics interface, and the population of the databases generated using an enhancement of a commercial CAD system. The automatic generation of wiring diagrams and commissioning schedules from higher-level design schematics produced on a remote computer is also demonstrated. It is claimed that the principles successfully established can form the basis for substantial reduction of project costs in the future.

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