UMR AGAP - Equipe Diversité, adaptation et amélioration de la vigne (DAAV)The goal of this work was to explore the possibility (1) of carrying out both morphogeometric and archaeological DNA analyses on the same grape pips and (2) of comparing different molecular markers to reveal DNA variation, namely Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). We focused on waterlogged seeds originating from three Roman and one medieval archaeological sites in France. Our first results indicate that taking photographs of pips is not detrimental to the preservation of DNA, provided a specific protocol is respected. Regarding the genetic markers, obtaining reliable information in sufficient quantity proved very difficult using SSRs. SNPs have a much more interesting potential, providing greater success rates and reliability. Here in four archaeological pips we studied 842 SNPs, derived from known polymorphisms in several genes, including one gene related to sex. Phylogenies built using these genetic markers indicate that three pips from the Roman site of Gasquinoy are close to modern wild grapevines and/or the female group, while the only medieval pip from ColletiSre is hermaphrodite and close to the modern cultivated group. Morphogeometrical results are in agreement with these findings. We conclude that the combined use of SNP markers and morphogeometry is promising for deciphering the intricate history of grapevine domestication
L’étude technique détaillée d’un remarquable vase de type Hoguette, attribué aux 54e-53e siècles av. J.-C., permet de montrer que la diffusion d’une technique nouvelle, la céramique, est liée à des savoir-faire spécifiques et très élaborés. La production de telles céramiques, dont le rôle ostentatoire est démontré, était vraisemblablement entre les mains de potiers expérimentés. Plus tard, vers 5000-4900 av. J.-C., on assiste à une simplification technique de la production céramique, qui précède la fin des poteries Hoguette. Les auteurs proposent un scénario pour les conditions de formation et d’introduction de ce «premier Néolithique » d’origine méditerranéenne jusque dans les vallées du Rhin et du Neckar, tandis que la culture des céréales, du lin et du pavot est associée à des défrichements importants dans le Jura français juste après le milieu du VIe millénaire.
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