Aims To investigate the potential of novel Bacillus velezensis P45 as an eco‐friendly alternative for bioprocessing poultry by‐products into valuable antimicrobial products. Methods and Results The complete genome of B. velezensis P45 was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform, showing 4455 protein and 98 RNA coding sequences according to the annotation on the RAST server. Moreover, the genome contains eight gene clusters for the production of antimicrobial secondary metabolites and 25 putative protease‐related genes, which can be related to feather‐degrading activity. Then, in vitro tests were performed to determine the production of antimicrobial compounds using feather, feather meal and brain–heart infusion (BHI) cultures. Antimicrobial activity was observed in feather meal and BHI media, reaching 800 and 3200 AU ml−1 against Listeria monocytogenes respectively. Mass spectrometry analysis indicates the production of antimicrobial lipopeptides surfactin, fengycin and iturin. Conclusions The biotechnological potential of B. velezensis P45 was deciphered through genome analysis and in vitro studies. This strain produced antimicrobial lipopeptides growing on feather meal, a low‐cost substrate. Significance and Impact of Study The production of antimicrobial peptides by this keratinolytic strain may represent a sustainable alternative for recycling by‐products from poultry industry. Furthermore, whole B. velezensis P45 genome sequence was obtained and deposited.
A estabilidade da atividade antimicrobiana do extrato aquoso da semente de Moringa oleifera Lam, em relação ao tempo/temperatura, foi testada a partir da técnica de difusão em disco nas espécies Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 e Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Os extratos foram colocados em quatro temperaturas diferentes (8 ºC, 25 ºC, 37º C e 42 ºC) e monitorados no tempo zero, três dias, sete dias e dez dias e a única bactéria susceptível a eles foi a Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (halo de inibição > 13 mm). O aumento no volume do extrato não levou ao aumento da efetividade no controle de Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. A partir de três dias, foi observado decréscimo na atividade do extrato, no que se refere à ação bactericida. A temperatura não influenciou o tamanho dos halos de inibição, porém os extratos mantidos a 8 ºC tiveram seu efeito inibidor mantido por maior período de tempo. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram o potencial de aplicação do extrato da semente de Moringa oleifera Lam. como uma alternativa interessante na conservação de alimentos.
Salmonella Heidelberg is an emerging pathogen in Brazilian poultry production. The traditional methods (quicklime, windrowing and tarpaulin-on-surface) used for disinfecting reused poultry litter between flocks does not guarantee its elimination, thus allowing the transmission of this agent from one flock to another. The new tarpaulinon-surface method with controlled injection of ammonia gas has proven to be effective in its control, however, it is still unknown what dose of ammonia gas is needed to eliminate Salmonella Heidelberg in reused poultry litter. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ammonia gas at different concentrations in sterile poultry litter artificially contaminated with Salmonella Heidelberg. Then, ammonia gas was injected in concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%, and 48 hours later, a sample was collected from each repetition in an entirely randomized design, and bacterial isolation was performed. All treatments, including positive and negative controls, were tested in quadruplicate and the parameters temperature, humidity, pH and water activity were evaluated. In the 0.5% and 1% treated samples the pathogen was not isolated, while in the 0.25% concentration one of the four samples tested was positive. The study reveals that ammonia gas is efficient in killing Salmonella Heidelberg in poultry litter at concentrations of 0.5 % or more within a 48-hour period and that the litter treated with ammonia gas increases its pH and water activity.
ResumoExtratos vegetais podem agir como bioconservantes e agregar valor nutricional à matriz alimentícia. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo monitorar a atividade bactericida do extrato de semente de Moringa oleifera Lam. em Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 cultivado em um simulado lácteo. O extrato (1:5) foi filtrado com auxílio de seringas estéreis em unidades filtrantes constituídos de Membrana em Éster Celulose (MEC) com 0,45 µm de porosidade, e acondicionado em frascos estéreis. Alíquotas equivalentes a 50 µL (Mo 0,05% ), 100 µL (Mo 0,10% ), 150 µL (Mo 0,15% ) e 200 µL (Mo 0,20% ) desses extratos foram aplicados em um derivado lácteo sintético, elaborado com leite desnatado reconstituído a 12% e inoculado com 10 5 células de S. aureus ATCC 25923. Esse simulado lácteo foi incubado a 37 ºC durante 120 horas (T 0 ,...T 120 ). Foram realizadas cinco repetições, e para cada ensaio, alíquotas das amostras foram retiradas em períodos intermitentes e analisadas quanto ao número de unidades formadoras de colônia de S. aureus ATCC 25923 por mililitro da amostra (UFC. mL -1 ). No grupo controle (Ct) foi aplicada apenas a cepa teste. Em T0 não foi observada redução em Ct (6,33 ± 4,48Log UFC. mL -1 ) e Mo 0,05% (6,32 ± 4,4748 Log UFC. mL -1 ) quanto comparados aos tratamentos com Mo 0,10% (4,81 ± 3,40 Log UFC. mL -1 ), Mo 0,15% (4,62 ± 3,27 Log UFC. mL
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