Purpose To evaluate the effect of a preoperative protocol that triages patients awaiting total joint arthroplasty to one of four strategies designed to mitigate the risk of allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) based on a priori transfusion risk on perioperative exposure to allogeneic blood. Methods We compared the transfusion experiences of a historical control series of 160 subjects with a study group of 160 subjects treated by protocol. Protocol subjects with hemoglobin (Hb) 100-129 gÁL -1 were given erythropoietin, dosed by weight. Subjects with Hb 130-139 gÁL -1 underwent preoperative autologous blood harvest and perioperative re-infusion as deemed clinically necessary. Subjects with Hb [139 gÁL -1 received no special intervention, unless they were aged[70 yr and weighed\70 kg, in which case they received oral iron and folate supplementation. Results The relative risk of ABT in the Study group was 0.68 (95% confidence interval 0.54-0.85). The Control group received 104 units of allogeneic blood and the Study group received 35 units (P = 0.0007). These differences cannot be explained by differences in transfusion risk or autologous units transfused. There was no worsening of anemia or its consequences in the Study group. Conclusion A simple protocol based on easily obtained preoperative clinical indices effectively targets interventions that mitigate the risk of ABT. RésuméObjectif Nous avons voulu e´valuer l'effet d'un protocole pre´ope´ratoire re´partissant les patients devant subir une arthroplastie totale afin qu'ils suivent l'une de quatre strate´gies dans le but de diminuer le risque de transfusion de sang alloge`ne (TSA) selon leur risque a priori de transfusion sur l'exposition pe´riope´ratoire a`du sang alloge`ne. Méthode Nous avons compare´les expe´riences de transfusion d'une se´rie historique de cas te´moins compose´e de 160 patients a`un groupe d'e´tude de 160 patients traite´s sur la base de notre protocole. Les patients de notre protocole pre´sentant un taux d'he´moglobine (Hb) de 100-129 gÁL -1 ont reçu de l'e´rythropoı¨e´tine, dose´e en fonction de leur poids. Les patients ayant une Hb de 130-139 gÁL -1 ont subi une re´colte pre´ope´ratoire et une re-perfusion pe´riope´ratoire de sang autologue lorsque cela a éte´juge´ne´cessaire d'un point de vue clinique. Les patients ayant une Hb [139 gÁL -1 n'ont pas fait l'objet d'une intervention spe´ciale, sauf s'ils e´taient aˆge´s de[ 70 ans et pesaient \ 70 kg; dans ce cas, ils ont reçu des supple´ments de fer et d'acide folique par voie orale. Résultats Le risque relatif de TSA dans le groupe a`l'e´tude e´tait de 0,68 (intervalle de confiance 95 %, 0,54-0,85). Le groupe te´moin a reçu 104 unite´s de sang alloge`ne, contre 35 dans le groupe a`l'e´tude (P = 0,0007). Ces diffe´rences ne peuvent s'expliquer par des diffe´rences au niveau du risque
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