The present data suggest that crevicular IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 reflect the activity of periodontal destruction, whereas IL-4 shows an inverse correlation to it. The enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines in the presence of smoking and stress may have clinical consequences.

Systemic metronidazole and amoxicillin significantly improved the 6-month clinical outcomes of full-mouth non-surgical periodontal debridement, thus significantly reducing the need for additional therapy.

No abstract

Levels of several cytokines and acute-phase proteins significantly changed after treatment regardless of treatment modality. There was no evidence for a specific DSL- or PDT-enhanced expression of inflammatory mediators.

Excellent clinical results in the antibiotics group were obtained regardless of the presence or absence of six classic periodontal periopathogens prior to treatment.