In this study, histopathological changes induced by lindane a gamma isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane and its intoxication associated with reproductive system and hormone levels were investigated in zebrafish. In all, 320 zebrafish adults approximately 1 year in age, (Danio rerio) obtained from a commercial entity were used in the study. Zebrafish were divided into 8 groups, each one containing 40 zebrafish. Groups were organized as 0 (the control group), 1 ml/L methanol, and 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 µg/L/day lindane. In the study, the gamma-HCH-isomer was applied at rates of 5/10/20/40/80/160 µg/L/day as doses of immersion to each group for 21 days. Macroscopically, the drop in egg production was observed, especially in the 80 and 160 µg/L/day groups of female zebrafish. A microscopic decrease in ovulation and biochemical decreases in estradiol (E 2 ) levels (40/80/160 µg/L) were also observed in the female zebrafish. As a result, lindane was found to cause changes in the reproductive system, and consequently, to cause hormonal disorders and to have significant effects on ovulation and fertilization in the female zebrafish. Anahtar Kelimeler: Zebra balığı, ovulasyon, fertilizasyon, histopatoloji.
Bu çalışmada, formalin ile inaktive edilmiş Flavobacterium psychrophilum'un sodyum aljinat ile kaplanmış mikropartiküller ile 28 gün için beslenen gökkuşağı alabalık (Oncorhynchus mykiss)'larının hastalığa karşı koruma oranları tespit edildi. Balıklar kontrol, sodyum aljinatlı grup, 2.5 ve 10 mg/g F. psychrophilum içeren yem, 2.5 ve 10 mg/g F. psychrophilum'un aljinat mikropartikülleri ile kapsüllendiği yem ile beslenen olmak üzere altı gruba ayrıldı. Oral immunizasyonu takiben 53 ve 87. gün 3.2x10 7 CFU/ml F. psychrophilum ile 1 saat banyo yaptırılarak deneysel enfeksiyon oluşturuldu ve nispi hayatta kalma (Relative percent survival, RPS) oranları belirlendi. İmmunizasyonun 53. gününde kontrol grubu balıklarında %79.2 oranında mortalite gözlenirken en yüksek RPS değeri 62.1 ile 10 mg/g F. psychrophilum'un aljinat mikropartikülleri ile beslenen grupta tespit edildi. F. psychrophilum ile 87. günde yapılan enfeksiyonda kontrol grubunda 74.8 mortalite oranı bulunmuşken diğer gruplardaki RPS oranı sırasıyla 30.48, 35.30, 40.10, 50.25 ve 56.68 olarak belirlendi. Bu bulgulara göre inaktive bakteri hücreleri kullanılarak sodyum aljinat mikropartikülleri ile kapsüllenen yem ile beslenen balıklarda koruyuculuğun yeterli düzeyde oluşmadığı ileri sürülebilir.
Ligulosis caused by Ligula intestinalis adversely affects the fisheries carried out in the lakes and ponds of in Turkey. This parasite causes economic losses in the fish industry. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the molecular characterization of L. intestinalis isolates obtained from woodfish (Acanthobrama marmid) in Keban Dam Lake in Elazig province of Turkey by using mt-CO1 gene sequences and to determine the genetic differences and haplotypes between the isolates. In the examination made in terms of L. intestinalis, the intestine of the fish was opened with the help of fine-tipped scissors, the contents were allowed to come out, and the parasites were taken into a petri dish containing physiological water. Then, L. intestinalis plerocercoids were taken into 15 ml falcon tubes containing 70% ethanol and stored at -20ºC until further analysis. From each isolate, total gDNA was extracted from the plerocercoids. A partial (480 bp) mt-CO1 gene was amplified by PCR and sequenced unidirectionally. The final size of the trimmed sequences was 392 bp for 43 sequences. Sequence and haplotype analyses were performed, followed by phylogenetic analyses. All isolates were confirmed as L. intestinalis by BLAST analysis. In addition, 87 nucleotide mutation positions were determined among 43 CO1 gene sequences. As a result of the haplotype network performed for the mt-CO1 gene region of L. intestinalis isolates; arranged in a star-like configuration with the main haplotype (Hap05), separated from other haplotypes by 1–6 mutation steps, and 29 haplotypes were identified, covering 13.9% (6/43) of the total isolates. Also, 75 variable (polymorphic) sites were determined, 52 of which were parsimony informative sites.
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