ABSTRACT. The fungus Pseudocercospora griseola is the causal agent of angular leaf spot, a common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) disease. The successful development of angular leaf spot-resistant cultivars depends on understanding the levels of variability in pathogen populations. P. griseola shows great pathogenic and genetic variation using inoculation on differential bean cultivars and molecular markers. Nevertheless, how this variability develops is not clearly understood. Parasexuality has been presented as a mechanism used by asexual fungi to increase variation. Hyphal fusion is the first step for the parasexual cycle, and it can be considered an additional trait for population studies. The aim of this study was to identify hyphal fusion (anastomosis) among P. grisola isolates and to evaluate the variability of isolates using analyses of anastomosis groups and RAPD markers. Hyphal anastomosis was observed in all isolates. Three isolates showed 85.0% compatibility and were compatible with 17 isolates. This is the first report of the occurrence of anastomosis between P. griseola isolates. 7437 Variation in Pseudocercospora griseola©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (3): 7436-7445 (2015) Sixteen anastomosis groups were observed and only one group was formed by five isolates (Pg-01, Pg-02, Pg-07, Pg-08, and Pg-12). There was a large number of anastomosis groups and absence of clustering among isolates for hyphal fusion, demonstrating the existence of genetic variability for loci involved in the control of this trait. High genotypic variability by RAPD markers was detected, but there was no relationship between genotype and anastomosis group. More studies are necessary to elucidate further the process of asexual recombination in this phytopathogen.

Kraft pulping is currently the most widely used technique in the production of cellulose pulp, and the production process generates large amount of lignocellulosic residues. Looking to add value to this residue, the aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of extruded cementitious matrices reinforced with lignocellulosic waste from the kraft pulping of Eucalyptus spp wood. The experimental design were consisted of 3 treatments with 5 samples for each treatment, as follows: 1) 70% Portland cement (by mass) with 30% ground carbonate (by mass) - T1; 2) 66.5% of Portland cement, 28.5% ground carbonate and 5% residual pulp fibers - T2, and 3) 69.5% Portland cement, 25.5% metakaolin and 5% residual pulp fibers - T3. The mass for extrusion was prepared with the addition of hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyether carboxylic (ADVA) as rheology modifiers, with water:cement ratio of around 0.3. After mixing, the mass was taken to an extruder where the specimens were obtained. Apparent porosity (AP), bulk density (BD), water absorption (WA), modulus of rupture (MOR), fracture toughness (KIC) and fracture energy (EF) were evaluated. There was statistical difference between the treatments for AP, BD, WA, KIC and EF values, and the treatment with the metakaolin showed the lowest values for BD and the highest values for AP, WA and FE. The treatment with ground carbonate and residual pulping showed intermediate results when compared to the other treatments. No statistical differences were found between the fiber-cement treatments for MOR values.

Introdução: A anemia ferropriva é a carência nutricional de maior magnitude mundial. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade do suco fortificado com ferro na prevenção e no tratamento da anemia ferropriva em pré-escolares. Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado realizado em dois centros de educação infantil. Foram submetidas ao estudo 110 crianças de 36 a 48 meses de idade, durante 16 semanas, 50 alunos da Escola receberam suco fortificado com 15mg de ferro elementar de segunda a sexta (grupo Intervenção) e 60 crianças da escola B receberam o mesmo suco não fortificado. Resultados: Na escola A, a concentração inicial de Hb aumentou de 11,61 ± 1,49 g/dL, para 12,09 g/dL± 1,01, após a intervenção com suco fortificado, com p = 0,0314; 12 crianças estavam anêmicas no início do estudo, e após a intervenção 7, na escola B, grupo controle, a concentração de Hb foi de 11,66 g/dL± 0,741, para 11,81 g/dL± 0,822, com p = 0,32; nesse grupo, 6 participantes estavam anêmicos no início do estudo aumentando para 9 no final. Conclusão: Em nosso estudo, a fortificação de suco com ferro aumentou a concentração de hemoglobina de modo significativo e diminuiu a prevalência de anemia.