37Archaeological records provide a unique source of direct data on long-term human-38 environment interactions and samples of ecosystems affected by differing degrees of human 39 impact. Distributed long-term datasets from archaeological sites provide a significant contribution 40 to establish local, regional, and continental-scale environmental baselines and can be used to 41 understand the implications of human decision-making and its impacts on the environment and the 42 resources it provides for human use. Deeper temporal environmental baselines are essential for 43 resource and environmental managers to restore biodiversity and build resilience in depleted 44 ecosystems. Human actions are likely to have impacts that reorganize ecosystem structures by 45 reducing diversity through processes such as niche construction. This makes data from 46 archaeological sites key assets for the management of contemporary and future climate change 47 scenarios because they combine information about human behavior, environmental baselines, and 48 biological systems. Sites of this kind collectively form Distributed Long-term Observing Networks 49 of the Past (DONOP), allowing human behavior and environmental impacts to be assessed over 50 space and time. Behavioral perspectives are gained from direct evidence of human actions in 51 response to environmental opportunities and change. Baseline perspectives are gained from data 52 on species, landforms, and ecology over timescales that long predate our typically recent datasets 53 that only record systems already disturbed by people. And biological perspectives can provide 54 essential data for modern managers wanting to understand and utilize past diversity (i.e., trophic 55 and/or genetic) as a way of revealing, and potentially correcting, weaknesses in our contemporary 56 wild and domestic animal populations. 57 58