Background:The foundations for the growth and optimal development of every human being are laid in the first 2 years of life. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) up to 6 months of age and the introduction of complementary feeding (CF) from this age are considered the preventive interventions with the most significant impact on a child's life. The objective of this study was to determine if pediatricians base their recommendations by following the Guidelines for CF in Healthy Infants (GCFHI) and if mothers have any awareness and knowledge of these recommendations. Methods: Surveys based on the GCFHI were conducted in a group of mothers (n = 377) and pediatricians (n = 104) living in Mexico. Results: Not all pediatricians recommended the EBF, and 76% recommended infant formula before 6 months of age. Regarding mothers, 76.9% practiced the EBF for the first 6 months. Vegetables were the leading starting food of CF suggested by pediatricians and mothers (87% and 91%, respectively), contrasting with food sources of iron (44%), which are the foods of choice according to the GCFHI. The practices performed by the mothers were statistically different from the recommendations of the pediatricians. Conclusions:The results reflect a lack of updating regarding CF. It is imperative to reinforce efforts to maintain the EBF for 6 months and to continue it together with the CF, as well as to promote the beginning of CF based on macro-and micro-nutrients.
OBJETIVO: Estimar la frecuencia de alteraciones auditivas en neonatos pretérmino asu egreso de la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales e identificar los factores deriesgo asociados.MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal y retrospectivo efectuado en pacientesprematuros nacidos en el Hospital Español de México entre 2014 y 2016. Variablesestudiadas: género, semanas de gestación al nacimiento, alteraciones neonatales yexposición a dos medicamentos ototóxicos. Se valoraron los potenciales evocadosauditivos del tallo cerebral (PEATC) en las 72 horas previas a su egreso de cuidados intensivos. Los riesgos se expresan con razón de momios (OR).RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 364 neonatos: 53% hombres y 47% mujeres; nacidos a las 34 semanas de gestación (mediana). Se encontró restricción del crecimiento intrauterinoen 12.9%, hiperbilirrubinemia 49.7%, sepsis 31.0%, hemorragia intraventricular 3.6%, encefalopatía hipóxico isquémica 1.4%, exposición a furosemida 11.0% y a aminoglucósidos64.6%. Las alteraciones encontradas en los PEATC fueron: alargamiento de la latencia interpico I-III en 37.9%, III-V en 4.4% y I-V en 13.5%. La onda I fue anormalen 6.6%, III en 1.9% y V en 10.4% de todos los casos.CONCLUSIONES: Se descubrieron cuatro factores de riesgo: hiperbilirrubinemia, sepsis,hemorragia intraventricular y el uso de furosemida, que incrementaron la probabilidad de sufrir defectos en la conducción auditiva en las latencias interpico I-III, III-V y I-V.La restricción del crecimiento intrauterino fue un factor protector para alteracione auditivas a nivel central.
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