In this paper, we report the influence of the extraction process on the flavonoid content obtained from leaves of C. quercifolius and its antioxidant activity. A factorial design 2² was performed, using temperature and agitation as independent variables. Qualitative and quantitative analyzes of the extracts were performed by HPLC-DAD. Rutin and apigenin were identified in the extracts and chosen as analytical markers. Pareto chart and Surface response plots suggested that rutin content was increased up to 3.93 times when temperature was employed during the extraction process. However, apigenin content was significantly reduced in the method whose temperature or agitation were used (p<0.05). A higher antioxidant activity was observed in extracts whose rutin extraction was favored, suggesting that this flavonoid contributes at least in part to the antioxidant potential of the species.

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Morus nigra, popularly known as mulberry, has been traditionally used as anti-diabetic herbal medication. This study focused on hexane fraction from Brazilian M. nigra leaves (Hex-Mn) effects on digestion and absorption of carbohydrate in diabetic mice.The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed, and showed the presence of flavonoids isoquercetin and kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside. Hex-

O presente estudo avaliou a necessidade de ajuste de dose dos medicamentos de acordo com a função renal dos pacientes da clínica médica em um hospital universitário do Estado de Pernambuco. O estudo seguiudelineamento transversal. Foram analisadas as prescrições dos pacientes internados no período de setembro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020. Nesse período, 245 pacientes tiveram suas prescrições avaliadas. Destes, 45pacientes (18,3%) foram excluídos devido à ausência de informações sobre creatinina e 152 (62,0%) por não necessitarem ajuste da dose de medicamento, porque a função renal estava dentro dos parâmetros de normalidade. Os 48 pacientes restantes foram incluídos no estudo final, pois apresentavam função renal alterada e utilizavam medicamentos excretados por via renal. Dos pacientes, 60,4% receberam, durante a internação, pelo menos uma prescrição com dose de medicamento não ajustado de acordo com a função renal. Dentre os medicamentos com doses não ajustadas, os antimicrobianos foram os mais frequentes. Este estudo alerta para a importância do acompanhamento da função renal, principalmente quando prescritos medicamentos excretados via renal.

Morus nigra L. has been widely used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes. We evaluate the chemical composition and antidiabetic properties of the hexane (Hex-Mn) and chloroform (Chlo-Mn) fractions obtained by partition of the crude ethanolic extract from the leaves in rats. Chemical composition analysis of Hex-Mn and Chlor-Mn was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG-MS). In vivo and in vitro studies were carried out to compare the antidiabetic activities of the Hex-Mn and Chlor-Mn fractions. Most of the compounds identified in Hex-Mn were α-linolenic acid, stigmast-5-en-3-ol and linolenic acid ethyl ester, while in Chlor-Mn, stigmast-5-en-3-ol, palmitic acid and α-linolenic acid were mainly identified. Only Hex-Mn treatment reduced both fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia. Additionally, Hex-Mn preserved body weight gain, preserved the hepatic glycogen content, and also reduced the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitrite levels, as well as restored the superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, digestion of complex carbohydrates and intestinal glucose absorption was prevented by Hex-Mn treatment. Our results suggest that the antidiabetic activity of Hex-Mn may be explained, at least in part, by the insulin sensitivity increase, antioxidant properties and reduction in carbohydrate absorption in the small intestine.