SUMMARYFifty four patients with aplastic Anemia were studied from Jan 1983 to Jun 1992 at the Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia. Complete information was obtained in 51 cases. Thirty two (62.7%) were male and nineteen (37.3%), female. Mean age was 25 years old; 51% was under 20 years old. Thirty two patients (62.7%) had history of probably causal agent in the last year before diagnosis. The incidence was 4.05 cases/100,000 out patients and 4.8 cases/10,000 discharged patients in our hospital. Severe aplastic anemia (SAA) was observed in 83.7% of the cases, non severe anemia aplastic (NSAA) in 16.3% and 10% of the patients had very severe Aplastic Anemia (VSAA). Sixteen patients were treated with high doses of 6-metil-prednisolona (6-MP), four patients received antilymphocyte globuline and thirty one patients androgens and support therapy. Sepsis was the mortality cause in 50% of cases, bleeding in Central Nervous System 42.9% and in 7.1% sepsis and bleeding were the cause of death. The mean survival probability was higher in the group treated with high doses of 6-MP than in the patients treated with androgens and support only. (Rev Med Hered 1993; 4(3): 106-114)