The article discusses criminal law regulations whose task is to protect employees from imminent dangers to life and health and resulting from the violation of health and safety at work. Therefore, the key offenses of art. 220 (Act - Penal Code, 1997) from the point of view of criminal responsibility were subject to analysis, as well as the premises that determine it. In this way, an attempt was made to define the protection and responsibility framework both in the subjective and objective dimension. In the further part of the study, the regulations protecting the life and health of employees with other penal regulations of a general nature were discussed, also in the context of criminal threat dimensions, as well as the premises for not being punished by the perpetrator.