No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

There are a number of changes in the classification of penile carcinomas involving the T and N categories and stage grouping. The T classification of kidney has also been modified. Changes in the prostate classification are discussed under that heading. The remaining urological sites are unchanged.

The TNM system is used to describe and classify cancer stages and progression based on the assessment of three components: T The extent of the primary tumour N The absence or presence and extent of regional lymph node metastasis M The absence or presence of distant metastasis. TNM classification for the above site is described under the following headings: Rules for classification with the procedures for assessing T, N, and M categories; additional methods may be used when they enhance the accuracy of appraisal before treatment Anatomical sites and subsites where appropriate Definition of the regional lymph nodes TNM Clinical classification pTNM Pathological classification G Histopathological grading Stage grouping Summary