A wide band CMOS LC-tank voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with small VCO gain ( ) variation was developed. For small variation, serial capacitor bank was added to the LC-tank with parallel capacitor array. Implemented in a 0.18 m CMOS RF technology, the proposed VCO can be tuned from 4.39 GHz to 5.26 GHz with the VCO gain variation less than 9.56%. While consuming 3.5 mA from a 1.8 V supply, the VCO has 113.65 dBc/Hz phase noise at 1 MHz offset from the carrier.Index Terms-CMOS, LC-tank, VCO gain (KVCO), voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), wide tuning range.

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A time-to-digital converter (TDC) for a low-power, wide-range all digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) is presented. The proposed TDC uses an enabling signal with variable duration to achieve low power and wide range. For verification purpose, the ADPLL is fabricated in a 0.11 µm CMOS technology. The ADPLL dissipates 6.02mW at an output frequency of 1.68GHz and its output frequency is measured as 0.24-1.68 GHz from a 1.2 V supply.