The HgCdTe layers (x_Cd∼0.285 and 0.225) were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and liquid phase epitaxy, respectively, followed by the deposition of CdTe and ZnS films as barrier layers by thermal evaporation. Then, the p-on-n photodiodes were fabricated by AS ion implantation, Hg overpressure annealing, passivation, and metallization. The secondary ion mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy results indicate that the evaporated CdTe layer with a column structure induces the channeling effect of As ion implantation causing the device performance degradation. This effect could be suppressed by depositing a CdTe film with a layered structure through E-beam evaporation. Finally, the current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of these p-n junctions were estimated and analyzed.

The identification of metabolites in single-cell or small-volume tissue samples using single-cell mass spectrometry (MS) is challenging. In this study, hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange was combined with microsampling nanospray highresolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to improve the efficiency and confidence level of metabolite identification in a single cell using commercial software. A nanospray ion source showed an improved reaction depth of 8% for H/D exchange compared with an electrospray ion source. In total, 273 metabolites were identified in Allium cepa L. single cells by searching commercial databases. Generally, more than one candidate is given for a precursor ion by MS or tandem MS (MS 2 ) databases such as ChemSpider, MetDNA, MassBank, and mzCloud. With the help of the H/D exchange technique, the number of candidates decreased and reduction of the search space by a factor of 8 was achieved. In addition, two enzymolysis products of isoalliin, the transient intermediate and its isomer, were tracked at the single-cell level using the proposed method.

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A simple and green particle nebulization ICP-MS method for the direct measurement of trace toxic elements in rice and wheat samples was developed.

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