1An extremely thermophilic bacterium, Geobacillus thermoleovorans B23, is capable of 2 degrading a broad range of alkanes (with carbon chain lengths ranging between C11 and 3 C32) at 70 °C. Whole--genome sequence analysis revealed that unlike most alkane--degrading 4 bacteria, strain B23 does not possess an alkB--type alkane monooxygenase gene. Instead, it 5 possesses a cluster of three ladA--type genes, ladAα B23 , ladAβ B23 , and ladB B23 , on its 6 chromosome, whose protein products share significant amino acid sequence identities, 49.8, 734.4, and 22.7%, respectively with that of ladA alkane monooxygenase gene found on a 8 plasmid of Geobacillus thermodetrificans NG 80--2. Each of the three genes, ladAα B23 , 9 ladAβ B23 , and ladB B23 , was heterologously expressed individually in an alkB1 deletion mutant 10 strain, Pseudomonas fluorescens KOB2Δ1. It was found that all three genes were functional 11 in P. fluorescens KOB2Δ1, and partially restored alkane degradation activity. In this study, 12we suggest that G. thermoleovorans B23 utilizes multiple LadA--type alkane 13 monooxygenases for the degradation of a broad range of alkanes. 14 15

Three strains of a novel anamorphic yeast species were isolated from natural samples collected in Thailand, including strain EF10 isolated from sediment in a mangrove forest, strain ST-473 from rotten wood, and strain ST-479 from a wild mushroom (Hygrophorus sp.). Analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the large-subunit rRNA gene sequence revealed that the sequence of strain EF10 differed from the other two strains (ST-473 and ST-479), which had identical sequences, by only one nucleotide (nt) substitution in 535 nt. The closest species in terms of pairwise sequence similarity was Saturnispora mendoncae, with 32 nt substitutions and seven gaps in 535 nt. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the three strains form a cluster with S. mendoncae and the other eight species in the Saturnispora clade. Phenotypic characteristics of the three strains were the same including proliferation by multilateral budding, absence of ascospores and negative diazonium blue B and urease reactions. The major ubiquinone was Q-7. On this basis, the three strains were assigned to a single novel species of the genus Candida, for which the name Candida siamensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EF10(T) (=BCC 29901(T)=NBRC 104878(T)=CBS 11022(T)).

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The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene and ITS region determined in this study are MH141490 and MN194615 for DMKU VGT1-14 T and MH142264 and MN218416 for DMKU VGT1-19 T. The MycoBank number of Wickerhamiella osmotolerans sp. nov. is MB 833394 and that of Wickerhamiella tropicalis sp. nov. is MB 833393. Supplementary figure is available with the online version of this article.