No abstract

Recently, composite electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution materials have received a lot of attention, especially the composite material of transition metal dichalcogenides. In this article, CoSe/MoSe2 was successfully synthesized by a simple two‐step hydrothermal method, then the nanostructure and chemical composition of the composite was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Compared to pure MoSe2 and CoSe, CoSe/MoSe2 exhibits excellent catalytic. The current density of 10 mA cm−2 could be reached at low overpotentials of 192 and 115 mV in acidic and alkaline electrolytes, respectively. In addition, such composite has a small Tafel slope and low electron transport resistance, which indicates that CoSe/MoSe2 has a high hydrogen dissociation rate. Furthermore, it shows high cycling stability.

Splat morphology is an important factor that influences the mechanical properties and durability of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). In this study, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings with different lamellar interface morphologies were deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) using feedstocks with different particle sizes. The influence of lamellar interface roughness on the cracking resistance of the coatings was investigated. Furthermore, the thermal shock and erosion resistance of coatings deposited by two different powders was evaluated. It was found that the particle size of the feedstock powder affects the stacking morphology of the splat that forms the coating. Coatings fabricated from coarse YSZ powders (45-60 µm) show a relatively rough inter-lamellar surface, with a roughness about 3 times greater than those faricated from fine powders (15-25 µm). Coatings prepared with fine powders tend to form large cracks parallel to the substrate direction under indentation, while no cracking phenomena were found in coatings prepared with coarse powders. Due to the higher cracking resistance, coatings prepared with coarse powders show better thermal shock and erosion resistances than those with fine powders. The results of this study provide a reference for the design and optimization of the microstructure of TBCs.

No abstract

Study Design. This is a retrospective cases study from a prospective patient register. Objective. To clarify the clinical implication regard to the survivals of motor-evoked potential (MEP) response. Summary of Background Data. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring has become an essential component for decreasing the incidence of neurological deficits during spine surgeries. Significant motor-evoked potential (MEP) loss but does not vanish completely is common especially in some high-risk and complicated pediatric spine deformity surgeries. Methods. A total of 1820 young patients (mean age = 12.2 years) underwent spinal deformity correction were mainly analyzed. Intraoperative monitoring (somatosensory-evoked potential, MEP, free-run electromyography, free-run electromyography) and postoperative neurologic outcomes were mainly analyzed in this study. All patients with monitoring alerts were divided into two groups: group 1, intraoperative MEP recovery group; and group 2, no obvious MEP recovery group. Moreover, the patients would be followed up strictly if he/she showed IOM alerting. The surviving MEP response was identified as significant monitoring alerts (80%–95% MEP Amp. loss) associated with high-risk surgical maneuvers. Results. The results showed that there were 32 pediatric patients (group 1, 21 cases and group 2, 11 cases) presenting significant MEP monitoring alerts (80%–95% loss) relative to baseline. The patients in group 1 presented the partial/entire signal recovery from MEP alerts and they did not show spinal cord deficits postoperation. The patients in group 2 without obvious intraoperative MEP recovery showed different levels of new spinal deficits, no patient showed postoperative complete paraplegia or permanent spinal cord/nerve root deficits. Conclusion. When the intraoperative MEP changes significant and persistent but without totally disappeared, the rate of postoperative neural complication is relatively low. The chance of recovery of these neurological deficits is very high. Therefore, this phenomenon may be used to predictive of nonpermanent paraplegia. Level of Evidence: 3