1976. Hematopoiesis of the kissing gourami (Helostoma temmincki). Effects of starvation, bleeding, and plasmastimulating factors on its erythropoiesis. Can. J. Zool. 54: 11 15-1 127. Starvation and bleeding of the kissing gourami were found to induce a pronounced anemia. After 9 days of starvation there was a 45% decrease in the numbers of circulating erythrocytes, and within 24 h of bleeding a fish (1% of the body weight) there was a 39% decrease in the red cell count, which elicited a reticulocytosis and leukocytosis. The blood volumes remained unchanged in the starved or bled fish. When the 9-day-starved fish was used to evaluate the hematopoieticstimulating capacity of different substances, plasma from normal fish decreased erythropoietic activity, while plasmafromfishmade anemic by bleedingor 1 International Reference Preparation unit of human urinary erythropoietin evoked erythropoietic and leukocytopoietic activities.The estimated minimal red cell life-span in this fish was found to be about 13 days. However, there was some evidence for the existence of a population of long-lived erythrocytes. The 59Fe incorporation value per milligram of organ was highest in the spleen, with kidney and liver showing less activity.These studies not only provide information for the understanding of the regulatory mechanism(s) involved in blood cell production in the fish, but also present evidence of the existence in fish of intrinsic hemopoietic regulatory factors, possibly hormonal in nature. WEINBERG, S. R.. J. LDRLIE. C. D. SIECEL et A. S. GORDON. 1476. Hematupoiesis of the kissine sourami CHelosrama r~mminl-ki). EfTects of starvatian. bleeding, and plasmastirnulatingfactors on its erythmpoiesis. Can. I. Zool. -54: I 1 15-1 127. Le je6ne et la saignee causent une animie sen'euse chez le gourami. A p r k 9jours dc jefine, on enregistre une chute de 45% du nombre d'erythrocytes en circulation et une saignee ( 1% dupoids corpnreI total) pruduit en mains de 24 h une diminution de 3Wr des globules rouges, causant ainsi une rkticulocytase et une leucocytose. Cependant, ni la saignee. nl le j e h e n'entrainent de changementsdu volume sanpuin. Dnns les expiriences oh an urilise des poissonsau jeine depuis 9 jours pour evaluer la capacite de stimulation himatopoiktique. le plasma d'un poisson normal dirninue l'activitk irythropoY&tique. alors que le plasma de poissons rendus anemiques par saignCe ou par I'administration de I 1RP de H LYE (Internatiunal Reference Preparation unit of human urinary erythrupoietin) suscite i In fnis I'activ~te erythropoiitique et I'activite leucccytopoietique.La duree de vie minimale evaluee d'un globule rouge est d'environ 13 jours chez ce poisson. Cependant, on possede des indices de I'existence d'une population d'erythrocytes a longue vie. L'indice d'incorporation de 59Fe par milligramme d'organe est eleve dans la rate, alors que le rein et le foie ont une activite moindre.Ces donntes permettent une meilleure comprehension des mecanismes regulateurs de production des globules rouges du poisson e...

No abstract

A description is presented of the peripheral blood cell values and blood cell morphology of both the normal and the starved red paradise fish. A n inhibitory influence of food deprivation upon erythropoiesis was demonstrated in this fish by the significant decrease in red blood cell and hematocrit values. A comparative study showed that the size and numbers of erythrocytes present in teleost blood reflect its habitat, activity, and degree of evolution.

SUMMARY Rat peripheral leucocytes have been cultured in diffusion chambers in an effort to achieve greater consistency in the response of lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin. The diffusion chamber was found to provide an in vivo environment which obviates drastic changes in pH and eliminates other factors that act as major deterrents to successful and optimal responses of lymphocytes to this mitogen in vifro. The system shows reliability and consistency in maintaining excellent cytologic and morphologic integrity of the cells in culture.

Increasing evidence points to t h e participation of humoral mechanisms in t h e regulation of hematopoiesis. 1-3 T h i s h a s now been clearly demonstrated for erythropoiesis. 4 , s T h u s potent erythropoietic stimuli such as bleeding, lowered barometric pressures, and hemolytic a g e n t s evoke t h e production of a circulating erythropoietic stimulating principle ( t h e E S F or erythropoietin) ?-6 T h i s factor h a s been concentrated considerably, and daily d o s e s of a s little as 5 t o 10 pg. of highly purified sheep plasma or human urinary ESF preparations stimulate erythropoiesis significantly in rats.7.s T h e factor appears t o operate by causing diversion of t h e hemopoietic precursor cells into t h e erythroid line, little or no action being exerted on t h e rate of nucleated erythroid cell maturation or proliferation.9.10 T h e c o n s e n s u s is that t h e ESF is a glycoprotein in which s i a l i c acid and polypeptide groupings a r e e s s e n t i a l for t h e biological activity. 11-15 I t would appear now that t h e orthodox endocrine system, including t h e adenohypophysis, thyroid, and adrenal, 1.2 plays a subsidiary role in erythropoiesis, probably acting t o c r e a t e a metabolic environment favorable for t h e expression of more primary erythropoietic regulators s u c h as t h e circulating ESF. For details on humoral relations to erythropoiesis, t h e reader is referred to t h e monograph Hematopoietic Mechanisms. 3 6Attempts have also been made to demonstrate t h e e x i s t e n c e of circulating leukocyte-regulating factors. Steinberg and MartinI6 described an ability of normal human and rabbit plasma t o stimulate r e l e a s e of granular leukocytes from bone marrow. Along similar lines, Komiya and h i s assoc i a t e s 1 7 h a v e demonstrated t h e appearance of several circulating leukocytosis-inducing factors (LIF), o n e for e a c h cell line, following exposure 'to v a c c i n e s and other agents. T h e y conclude that a "neutropoietin" is evoked by typhoid vaccine, a "lymphopoietin" by p e r t u s s i s vaccine, and an "eosinopoietin" by exposure t o ultraviolet radiation. T h e appearance of a plasma L I F following typhoid vaccine injections is claimed to r e *This paper, illustrated with slides, was the second of two presented at a meeting