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The thermodynamically expected distributions of the products of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, with regard to molecular weight distribution and olefin formation, are shown to closely resemble distributions which have been observed experimentally. The product distributions include C2 to C15 primary olefins, Cx to C15 normal paraffins, C, to C8 normal alcohols, carbon dioxide, and water. The thermodynamic calculation predicts values of the Flory parameter a, based on the C4 to C15 distribution, between 0.56 and 0.79. a increases with Increasing pressure and decreases with increasing temperature.

Thermal hazards screening can be quickly and cost‐effectively performed to obtain the required data for the safe scale‐up of chemical processes and to accommodate changes to process recipes. Before scale‐up, it is vital to identify safe temperature and pressure operating ranges, quantify the heat generated from a reaction, and the number of moles of gas generated. It is also prudent to determine the heat and gas generation rates to safely accommodate the reaction in the given process equipment. These rate data can also be used to verify the adequacy of the existing pressure relief system design. Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) and Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) reviews identify credible upset scenarios, and data are required to address these issues. When a process recipe or batch size is changed, data are necessary to quantify the effect of the change on the above parameters. For modifications to existing processes, a management of change review should occur. Data addressing issues resulting from these reviews are readily available by performing calorimetry experiments with the Advanced Reactive System Screening Tool and similar calorimeters. Examples of these applications are included in this article. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2009

Several types of experiments are performed in laboratories at Fauske & Associates, LLC (FAI). Test equipment includes calorimeters to characterize reactive chemical systems and multiple instruments to characterize both combustible dust and gas/vapor explosions. It is a challenge to ensure that each project is completed safely, since a variety of chemicals are used and tested under extreme conditions. It is vital to ensure the safety of people, property, and the environment at all times. This requires first identifying the hazards (including rigorous review of material safety data sheets) and then implementing adequate engineering and administrative controls as necessary. This article will document best practices including management commitment, predicting and eliminating hazards during extreme test conditions, and implementing inherently safer design concepts to laboratory testing. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2013

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